Muhajirūn (English spelling)

Japanese: ムハージルーン(英語表記)muhājirūn
Muhajirūn (English spelling)
The plural form of the Arabic word muhājir, meaning "migrants." In 622, more than 70 people who followed the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina (→ Hijra) were called muhajirun, a term that became a historical term. The residents of Medina who accepted and supported Muhammad and the muhajirun were called ansar, and the muhajirun and ansar became members of the emerging Islamic state. Later, immigrants from Mecca, early believers who had migrated to Abyssinia (Ethiopia), and immigrants from neighboring Arab tribes also settled in Medina society as muhajirun, and by the end of Muhammad's life, the number of muhajirun had exceeded 1,000. After Muhammad's death, there was a period of conflict between the ansar and the muhajirun over leadership of the Islamic state, but the muhajirun eventually took the lead, and the first to fourth caliphs were chosen from among the muhajirun. During the period of great conquest, people who migrated to military cities (→Misr) built in various places were also called Muhajiroun, and Arabs who had been living a nomadic life in the Arabian Peninsula began to settle in Misr as warriors.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
「移住者」を意味するアラビア語ムハージル muhājirの複数形。 622年預言者ムハンマドに従ってメッカからメジナに移住 (→ヒジュラ ) した 70名余が,ムハージルーンと呼ばれ,歴史上の用語となった。このときメジナの住民でムハンマドとムハージルーンを受入れ援助した人々をアンサールといい,ムハージルーンとアンサールが勃興期のイスラム国家の構成員となった。その後,メッカからの移住者,アビシニア (エチオピア) に移住していた初期の信徒,近隣のアラブ諸族からの移住者もムハージルーンとしてメジナ社会に定着し,ムハンマドの晩年にはムハージルーンは 1000名をこえた。ムハンマドの死後,イスラム国家の指導権をめぐってアンサールとムハージルーンが対立する一幕もあったが,結局ムハージルーンが指導権を握り,初代から第4代までの正統カリフはムハージルーンの間から選ばれた。大征服時代,各地に建設された軍事都市 (→ミスル ) に移住した人々もムハージルーンと呼ばれ,アラビア半島で遊牧生活をしていたアラブが,戦士としてミスルに定着するようになった。

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