Thomas Middleton

Japanese: ミドルトン - みどるとん(英語表記)Thomas Middleton
Thomas Middleton

English playwright. Born in London. He studied at Oxford University, but dropped out to pursue a career in the theater world. Records show that he was active as a collaborative dramatist in 1602. He wrote several comedies for a boys' theater company, but returned to the adult theater a few years later and wrote many comedies, tragedies, and tragicomedies. His most famous work was the satirical comedy "The Chess Game" (1624), which likened the conflict between England and Spain to a game of chess. It was a success, but was banned. Other comedies include "How to Fool an Old Man" (c. 1605) and "The Faithful Maid of Cheapside" (1613), many of which satirize the life of Londoners. His tragedies include "Woman, Beware of Woman" (c. 1621) and "The Changeling" (1622), a collaboration with William Rowley (c. 1585-1626). Both of these works portray the lives of men and women who fall into ruin because of carnal desires with a ruthless eye, and the heroines' personalities are a mixture of evil and naivety, giving them a mysterious charm. There is also a theory that "The Revenger's Tragedy" (1607), which is usually attributed to C. Turner, was written by Middleton.

[Takashi Sasayama]

"The Changing Ring" translated by Takashi Sasayama (included in Elizabethan Drama Collection, 1974, Chikuma Shobo)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イギリスの劇作家。ロンドン生まれ。オックスフォード大学に学ぶが、中退して演劇界を志し、1602年には合作戯曲家として活躍していた事実が記録にみえる。その後少年劇団のために数編の喜劇を書くが、数年後には成人劇団に戻り、多くの喜劇、悲劇、悲喜劇を手がけた。社会的反響を得たのは、イギリスとスペインの対立をチェスに見立てた風刺喜劇『チェス・ゲーム』(1624)で、公演は成功を収めたが上演禁止処分を受けた。そのほか、喜劇には『老人をだますには』(1605ころ)、『チープサイドの貞節な乙女』(1613)などがあり、ロンドンの市民生活を風刺したものが多い。悲劇では『女よ、女に心せよ』(1621ころ)、W・ローリーWilliam Rowley(1585ころ―1626)との合作『チェインジリング』(1622)が代表作とされる。どちらも肉欲ゆえに転落する男女の生きざまを非情な目でとらえ、ヒロインの性格は悪とナイーブさの入り交じる不思議な魅力を備えている。普通C・ターナー作とされる『復讐者(ふくしゅうしゃ)の悲劇』(1607)をミドルトンの作とする説もある。

[笹山 隆]

『笹山隆訳『チェインジリング』(『エリザベス朝演劇集』所収・1974・筑摩書房)』

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