The system of preferences was established based on the Ottawa Agreement, signed at the British Empire Economic Conference in Ottawa, Canada in July 1932. Before World War II, it was called the British Empire System of Preferences. With the aim of strengthening the British Empire as an economic bloc, tariffs within the region were reduced or eliminated, while tariff barriers were raised for trade outside the region. However, after World War II, the basis for the system's existence was greatly weakened by the economic independence of emerging countries in the Commonwealth and the reduction of the margin of preference due to the multilateral tariff reductions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Furthermore, with the UK's accession to the European Community (EC) in January 1973, the system of preferences was gradually dissolved. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
1932年7月にカナダのオタワにおけるイギリス帝国経済会議で締結されたオタワ協定に基づいて成立した特恵関税制度。第2次世界大戦前はイギリス帝国特恵関税制度と呼ばれた。経済ブロックとしてのイギリス帝国の強化を目的に域内の関税を低減ないしは撤廃すると同時に,域外に対しては関税障壁が引上げられた。しかし第2次世界大戦後はイギリス連邦内の新興国の経済的自立やガット GATTの多角的関税引下げによる特恵マージンの縮小などにより,その存立の基盤が大幅にせばめられた。さらに 73年1月のイギリスのヨーロッパ共同体 EC加盟に伴い,この特恵関税制度は以後段階的に解消された。
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