A city in the northeast of England, United Kingdom. It is a unitary authority and belongs to the former county of Yorkshire. In 1974 it became part of the county of Cleveland in the municipal reorganization, and in 1996 it became a unitary authority. It is located about 350 km north-northwest of London, on the right bank of the lowermost part of the River Tees, which flows into the North Sea. Until the beginning of the 19th century, it was just a small village, but in 1829, Joseph Pease, a British railway magnate, purchased land here and built a coal shipping port to compete with Stockton-on-Tees on the left bank of the Tees, and it began to develop. In 1830, the railway line between Stockton-on-Tees and Darlington was extended to this point. After iron deposits were discovered in the Cleveland Hills to the south in the 1850s, industrial development began, and by 1856, 31 blast furnaces had been established. It is a city of heavy industry, centered on the steel industry, with other industries such as shipbuilding, machinery, and chemicals, but in recent years the center of industrial activity has shifted to the mouth of the River Tees, where oil refineries and petrochemical plants are located. There are also educational and cultural facilities such as the University of Technology, the Archaeological and Scientific Museum, and the Art Museum. Area: 54 km2 . Population: 134,855 (2005 estimate). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
イギリス,イングランド北東部の都市。単一自治体(ユニタリー unitary authority)。旧ヨークシャー県に属する。1974年の自治体再編でクリーブランド県の一部となり,1996年に単一自治体となった。ロンドンの北北西約 350km,北海に注ぐティーズ川の最下流部右岸に位置する。19世紀初めまでは一寒村にすぎなかったが,イギリスの鉄道王,ジョセフ・ピーズが 1829年ここに土地を購入し,ティーズ川左岸のストックトンオンティーズと対抗すべく,石炭積出港を建設してから発展し始め,1830年にはストックトンオンティーズ―ダーリントン間の鉄道がここまで延長された。1850年代に南のクリーブランド丘陵で鉄鉱床が発見されてから工業発展が始まり,1856年までに 31の溶鉱炉が設けられた。鉄鋼業を中心とした重工業都市で,ほかに造船,機械,化学などの工業があるが,近年工業活動の中心はティーズ川河口のほうへ移動し,石油精製工場,石油化学工場などが立地する。工科大学,考古学・科学博物館,美術館などの教育・文化施設もある。面積 54km2。人口 13万4855(2005推計)。
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