A type of hydroxycarboxylic acid. It is also called α-hydroxyphenylacetic acid or phenylglycolic acid. It is found in bitter almonds (a type of almond). It is obtained by adding hydrogen cyanide to benzaldehyde and then hydrolyzing it. It is a colorless plate-like crystal that dissolves in water, ethanol (ethyl alcohol), and ether. It is used as a urinary tract preservative (medicine) in the form of the free acid or calcium salt. Mandelic acid has an asymmetric carbon atom, so it has optical isomers. It is usually known as a racemic mixture (DL-form), but if optically resolved using brucine, the L -form is obtained, and if optically resolved using l-menthol, the D-form is obtained. Brucine (a type of alkaloid) and l -menthol are asymmetric (chiral) molecules that strongly bind to only one of a pair of optical isomers (one enantiomer), so one of the optical isomers can be separated by using this. Optical resolution refers to the process of extracting each optical isomer (for example, D-mandelic acid and L-mandelic acid) separately from a racemic mixture, which is a mixture of both optical isomers. Mandelic acid is used as an antibacterial agent for urinary tract infections and in skin care treatments such as face peels. [Masahiro Hirota February 17, 2016] [References] | | | [Supplementary information] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ヒドロキシカルボン酸の一つ。α(アルファ)-ヒドロキシフェニル酢酸、フェニルグリコール酸ともいう。苦扁桃(くへんとう)(ハタンキョウの一種)などに含まれている。 ベンズアルデヒドにシアン化水素を付加させたのち、加水分解すると得られる。無色の板状結晶で、水、エタノール(エチルアルコール)、エーテルに溶ける。遊離酸またはカルシウム塩の形で尿路防腐剤(医薬)として用いる。マンデル酸は不斉(ふせい)炭素原子をもつので、光学異性体をもつ。普通はラセミ体(DL体)として知られているが、ブルシンを用いて光学分割するとL体、l-メントールを用いて光学分割すればD体が得られる。ブルシン(アルカロイドの一種)やl-メントールは対称性のない(キラルな)分子であり、一対の光学異性体の一方(一つのエナンチオ異性体)だけと強く結合するので、これを利用して光学異性体の一方を分け取ることができる。なお、光学分割とは、両方の光学異性体の混合物であるラセミ体から、それぞれの光学異性体(たとえば、D-マンデル酸とL-マンデル酸)を別々に取り出すことをいう。マンデル酸は尿路感染症の抗菌薬剤やフェイスピール(顔の皮膚表面の古い角質の除去剤)などのスキンケア治療に使用されている。 [廣田 穰 2016年2月17日] [参照項目] | | | [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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