This refers to regions into which the flora of the world is divided based on distribution characteristics. Plants on Earth have developed over a long geological period, dispersing according to their potential, and becoming isolated due to crustal movements, forming flora unique to each region. In general, the longer the history of isolation and the greater the distance between regions, the more endemic species there are, and the greater the independence of the flora. [Shigetoshi Okuda] Flora of the WorldThe world's flora is generally divided into six kingdoms: Holarctic, Paleotropical, Neotropical, Austral, Cape and Antarctic. Each kingdom is further divided into subkingdoms, provinces and so on. (1) The Holarctic Kingdom is a kingdom that stretches across both the Old and New Continents in the Northern Hemisphere. Many of its species originate from plants that developed around the Arctic during the Tertiary Period, but it also contains a significant number of plants from the polar regions. Many of the genera of pine, fir, cherry, maple, and lily are endemic. (2) The Paleotropical Kingdom is a tropical and subtropical region that covers Africa (except the Cape region), sub-Himalayan Asia, New Guinea, and the Pacific islands. It is the most diverse region on Earth. The palm, taro, pepper, and asclepiad families are characteristic at the genus level, and the Dipterocarpaceae and Pandanusaceae are endemic. (3) Neotropical Kingdom: The tropical region of Central and South America, endemic to the Cactus, Anemone, Canna, and Malpighia families, and the Fuchsia, Agave, and Yucca genera. (4) Australian Kingdom Australia has many endemic species, and it is said that 75% of the total flora is endemic. Characteristic species such as Proteaceae, Acacia, Eucalyptus, and Saxifragaceae have been differentiated. (5) Cape Kingdom This is a small region that consists of only the Cape region at the southern tip of Africa. It has many endemic species in the genus Erica, the family Iridaceae, and the family Proteaceae. In addition, the differentiation of succulent plants of the Portulaca genus is remarkable. (6) The Antarctic Kingdom is an area that includes the Patagonia region of South America, New Zealand, and Antarctica. It has many endemic species in the Poaceae and Cyperaceae families, as well as the genera Nothofagus and Hebe. In addition, (1) is sometimes referred to as the Holarctic Kingdom Group, (2) and (3) as the Tropical Kingdom Group, and (4), (5), and (6) as the Holanctic Kingdom Group, which are sometimes considered to be even larger units. [Shigetoshi Okuda] Flora of JapanThe flora of Japan is included in the Sino-Japanese province of the Holarctic kingdom, except for the Ryukyu Islands and Ogasawara Islands, which belong to the Paleotropical kingdom. Its range extends from the Japanese archipelago, mainland China, northern Myanmar (Burma), through the Himalayas, and into eastern Afghanistan. This region has had little glacial influence in the past and has a warm, rainy climate, so it is mainly home to plants that are native to temperate deciduous forests. The Catsura, Prunus tschonoskii, Siberian quince, Cornus officinalis, and Eucommia families are endemic to the region. It is famous for the large variety of Magnolia, cherry, hydrangea, and azalea, as well as for the presence of gymnosperms with ancient characteristics, such as ginkgo, cedar, and Metasequoia. The Japanese archipelago is rich in both horizontal and vertical variety, and is blessed with many endemic genera, such as Aucuba, Akebia, Lesser Cuckoo, Hosta, Liliaceae, and Citrus. According to Fumio Maekawa, the regional plant regions of the Japanese archipelago are divided as follows: (1) Ezo-Mutsu Region: All of Hokkaido except the Oshima Peninsula and the Kitakami Highlands. Endemic species include Abies sachalinensis, Picea glehnii, and Miyamahammodoki. (2) Sea of Japan Region This is a snowy region on the Sea of Japan side. Endemic species include the Japanese lily, the Japanese lily, the Japanese lily, the Japanese yarrow, and the Japanese yarrow. (3) Kanto region: The Pacific coast from Tohoku to Kanto. Endemic species include Shibayawa, Azalea, and Arisaema argentea. (4) Fossa Magna Region: The Fuji volcanic belt extending from Fuji, Hakone, Izu and the Izu Seven Islands. Endemic species include Rhododendron canadensis, Deutzia japonica, Virgo malvaceae and Deutzia canadensis. (5) Sohayaki Region: The Pacific coast of Kii, Shikoku and Kyushu. There are many endemic species, including the Japanese lily, the baika amacha, the Japanese laurel, and the Japanese douglas fir. (6) Mino-Mikawa Region: From the western part of Shizuoka Prefecture to Aichi Prefecture and the eastern part of Gifu Prefecture. Endemic species include the narrow-leaved Rhododendron, Japanese snowbell, Enshu-haguma, and Star Magnolia. (7) Atetsu Region: Western Okayama Prefecture and eastern Hiroshima Prefecture. Endemic species include Shizuka, Witch Hazel, and Forsythia japonica. Many plants grow on limestone. (8) Ogasawara Region Located at the northern end of the Polynesian region, 67% of the woody plants are said to be endemic. Well-known endemic species include Ilex, Pittosporum, Sycamore, Rhododendron boninense, and Rhododendron boninense. (9) Ryukyu Region: The southwest islands south of Amami Oshima. There are many tropical plants. It is believed that Ryukyu pine, Okinawan white oak, Hetsukari lily, cycad, and Yaeyama suzukushi evolved mainly in this region. [Shigetoshi Okuda] ©Shogakukan "> Flora of the World Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
世界各地の植物相を分布的な特性をもとに分けた地域をいう。地球上の植物は長い地質時代を通して発生し、能力に応じて分散し、さらに地殻の変動によって隔離されたりしながら、地域特有の植物相を構成している。一般に隔離の歴史が古く、互いに距離が隔たっている地域ほど固有の種が多く、植物相の独立性が高い。 [奥田重俊] 世界の植物区系世界の植物区系は区系界のレベルで、全北、旧熱帯、新熱帯、オーストラリア、ケープおよび南極の6区系界に分けるのが一般的である。それぞれの区系界はさらに亜界、区系区などに細分される。 (1)全北区系界 北半球の新旧両大陸にまたがり、第三紀に北極周辺に発達した植物に起源する種が多いが、寒帯の植物もかなり含まれる。マツ、モミ、サクラ、カエデ、ユリの各属などに固有種が多い。 (2)旧熱帯区系界 ケープ地方を除くアフリカ、ヒマラヤ以南のアジア、ニューギニアおよび太平洋の諸島にわたる、熱帯および亜熱帯地域で、地球上でもっとも種類の豊富な所である。ヤシ、サトイモ、コショウ、ガガイモの各科は属レベルで特徴的であり、フタバガキ科、タコノキ科が特産である。 (3)新熱帯区系界 中南米の熱帯地域で、サボテン、パイナップル、カンナ、マルピギアの各科、およびフクシア、リュウゼツラン、ユッカの各属が固有である。 (4)オーストラリア区系界 オーストラリアは固有種が多く、全フロラ(植物相)の75%が固有といわれている。ヤマモガシ科、アカシア属、ユーカリ属、フクロユキノシタ科など、特徴的な種が分化している。 (5)ケープ区系界 アフリカ南端のケープ地方だけという小地域で、エリカ属、アヤメ科、ヤマモガシ科に固有種が多い。また、マツバボタン類の多肉植物の分化が著しい。 (6)南極区系界 南米のパタゴニア地方とニュージーランドおよび南極大陸にわたる地域で、イネ科、カヤツリグサ科に固有種が多い。ノトファグス属、ヘーベ属なども固有である。 なお、(1)を全北区系界群、(2)(3)をまとめて熱帯区系界群、(4)(5)(6)をまとめて全南区系界群として、さらに大きな単位とすることもある。 [奥田重俊] 日本の植物区系わが国の植物区系は、旧熱帯区系界に属する南西諸島と小笠原(おがさわら)諸島を除けば、全北区系界の日華区系区に含められる。その範囲は日本列島、中国大陸、ミャンマー(ビルマ)北部、ヒマラヤ山地を経てアフガニスタン東部に及んでいる。この地域は過去において氷河の影響が少なく、温暖多雨な気候条件下にあるため、おもに温帯性の落葉樹林を本拠とする植物が生育している。カツラ、フサザクラ、ヤマグルマ、キブシ、トチュウの各科が固有である。モクレン、サクラ、アジサイ、ツツジなどの種類が多く、またイチョウ、スギ、メタセコイア属など、古い形質をもつ裸子植物のあることで有名である。 日本列島は、水平的にも垂直的にも変化に富み、アオキ属、アケビ属、ホトトギス属、ギボウシ属、ヤブラン属、キレンゲショウマ属など多数の固有属に恵まれている。日本列島の地方的植物区系は前川文夫(ふみお)によれば次のように区分される。 (1)えぞ‐むつ地域 渡島(おしま)半島を除く北海道全域と北上(きたかみ)高地。トドマツ、アカエゾマツ、ミヤマハンモドキなどが固有種。 (2)日本海地域 日本海側の多雪地。トガクシショウマ、サンカヨウ、トキワイカリソウ、キャラボク、アクシバなどが固有種。 (3)関東地域 東北から関東地方の太平洋側。シバヤナギ、アブラツツジ、ミミガタテンナンショウなどが固有種。 (4)フォッサマグナ地域 富士箱根伊豆および伊豆七島までの富士火山帯。ハコネコメツツジ、ハコネウツギ、オトメアオイ、カナウツギなどが固有種。 (5)ソハヤキ地域 紀伊、四国、九州の太平洋側。キレンゲショウマ、バイカアマチャ、センダイソウ、トガサワラなど、多くの固有種がある。 (6)美濃(みの)‐三河地域 静岡県西部から愛知県、岐阜県東部。ホソバシャクナゲ、ハナノキ、エンシュウハグマ、シデコブシなどが固有種。 (7)阿哲(あてつ)地域 岡山県西部と広島県東部。キビヒトリシズカ、アテツマンサク、ヤマトレンギョウなどが固有種。石灰岩地生の植物が多い。 (8)小笠原地域 ポリネシア区系の北端にあたり、木本植物では67%が固有種といわれている。モチノキ属、トベラ属、シロテツ属、ワダンノキ、オガサワラツツジなどがよく知られる固有種。 (9)琉球(りゅうきゅう)地域 奄美(あまみ)大島以南の南西諸島。熱帯性の植物が多い。リュウキュウマツ、オキナワウラジロガシ、ヘツカリンドウ、ソテツ、ヤエヤマスズコウジュなどはこの地域を中心に分化してきたと考えられている。 [奥田重俊] ©Shogakukan"> 世界の植物区系区分 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
…A naval port and resort town on the southeast co...
⇒ Thermotaxis Source: About Shogakukan Digital Dai...
In the legal system, Nakatsuka Nakatsukasa Belongi...
…Both Hui and Dang mean “friends,” and originally...
… [Mediastinal emphysema] An abnormal accumulatio...
Japanese dancer. [Kisaragi Aoko] First World (188...
A Russian (Soviet) poet. Born in Georgia, he joine...
...In the above explanation, the blade and handle...
A plateau that spreads out at the foot of the wes...
A series of classical shakuhachi pieces. There are...
...When hauling a net, it is most efficient to ha...
…Broadly speaking, it is a processing method that...
...an art that is created when writing characters...
This domain was located in Hamada, Naka County, I...
Philosopher and educator. Born in Kanagawa Prefec...