Ion implantation

Japanese: イオン注入 - イオンちゅうにゅう(英語表記)ion implantation
Ion implantation
The process of ionizing gaseous atoms, accelerating them by applying an electric field, and forcibly injecting the ions into another object (in a non-thermal equilibrium state). This is also called ion implantation. The purpose is to change the physical properties of surfaces, etc., and this technique can be used to inject impurity ions into semiconductors to create p-n junctions, or to synthesize substances different from the parent body by injecting high concentrations of atomic ions other than the constituent atoms. Originally, this method involves bombarding a crystal with a high-speed ion beam, which causes crystal lattice irregularities, making it difficult to improve the characteristics of the p-n junction, and so on. However, heat treatment after implantation can reduce the concentration of lattice irregularities, improving the characteristics of the device. Recently, ion implantation of various elements has been attempted to control the composition and structure of the surface layer in order to modify the surfaces of metals, ceramics, polymer materials, etc.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
ガス状の原子をイオン化し,これに電界を印加して加速し,そのイオンを他の物体に強制的に (非熱平衡状態のもとに) 注入すること。イオン打ち込みともいう。表面などの物性を変化させるのが目的で,この技術を使って半導体に不純物イオンを注入してp-n接合をつくったり,また構成原子以外の原子イオンを高濃度に注入することによって母体と異なる物質を合成することも可能である。元来,高速のイオンビームを結晶にたたきつけて打ち込むという方法によるため,それによる結晶格子不整が生じ,たとえばp-n接合の特性向上が難しくなるなど欠点も存在するが,注入後の熱処理によって格子不整濃度の減少をはかることができ,デバイスの特性が改善される。最近では,金属,セラミックス,高分子材料などの表面改質のために,表面層の組成や構造の制御を目的として,いろいろな元素のイオン注入が試みられている。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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