A general term for loose-fitting outer garments worn over clothing, derived from the Latin mantellum, meaning cloak or veil. In addition to long, sleeveless robes for women, such as the ancient Greek himation and the ancient Roman palla, there are also sleeveless garments worn over the shoulders, such as capes, pelerines, raincoats, hikimawashi, tonbi, and nijumawashi. There are also sleeveless, hooded, loose-fitting outer garments, such as those seen in folk clothing throughout France and the clerical robes of monks of certain Christian sects. Mantles became common throughout the Middle Ages, and from the late 19th century, the term mantle also came to refer to sleeved cloaks designed to protect against the cold, rain, and dust. In Japan, the word manteau is used interchangeably with capa, as seen in Murakami Hidetoshi's 1864 (Genji 1) book Furutsugomeiyo (Furugo Meiyo); however, the word manteau was adopted into Japanese from French military terminology inherited from the shogunate, and became an official word in the Showa period. From the end of the Meiji period to the beginning of the Taisho period, boys at elementary and middle schools and old-style high schools wore black or navy blue woolen cloth capes to protect against the cold, while girls wore grey or light green capes. They were also worn by artists and the "new women" centered around the Seitosha Society. After World War II, the name and appearance of the cape only remained in women's fashion. [Yoshiko Tamura] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
外套(がいとう)やベールを意味するラテン語のmantellumを語源とする、衣服の上に羽織って着るゆったりとした外衣の総称。古代ギリシアのヒマティオン、古代ローマのパルラのような、女子用の袖(そで)なしの長い寛衣のほか、ケープ、ペラリンpelerine、合羽(かっぱ)、引き回し、とんび、二重回しのような、袖なしの、肩に掛けるようにして着るもの。また、フランス各地の民俗服や、キリスト教のある宗派の修道僧の聖職服にみられるような、袖なし、フード付きのゆったりした外衣などがある。中世を通じて一般化し、19世紀後半からは、防寒、防雨、防塵(ぼうじん)などを目的とした袖付きの外套をもマントとよぶようになった。 1864年(元治1)の村上英俊の『仏語明要』に「manteau合羽」とあるように、日本では合羽capaとの混用がみられるが、幕府から引き継がれたフランス式陸軍用語からマントが日本語化し、昭和に入って公用語となった。明治末期から大正初期にかけて、小・中学校、旧制高校の男子生徒は黒か紺の羅紗(らしゃ)の、女児はグレイ、薄緑などの防寒用マントを用いた。また美術家や、青踏(せいとう)社を中心とする「新しい女」も着用した。第二次世界大戦後は女性のファッションのなかにその名と姿をとどめている程度である。 [田村芳子] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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