Madeleine culture - Madolénien (English spelling)

Japanese: マドレーヌ文化 - まどれーぬぶんか(英語表記)Magdalénien
Madeleine culture - Madolénien (English spelling)

This is the last culture of the Late Paleolithic, whose standard site is the Madeleine rock shelter in the Dordogne region of France. Relics from the entire period were found in the Raymondon Cave, which brought along the Chancelade people, but the excavations carried out at the end of the 19th century did not fully determine the stratigraphy, so the early period is defined based on the remains of the Placar Cave. It existed between about 17,000 and 12,000 years ago, and is mainly distributed in France and Spain, but it is known that there are similar cultures in England, southwest Germany, and Poland. It is divided into six periods, with periods I to III being characterized by changes in the shape of bone projectiles, and periods IV to VI being characterized by changes in the shape of bone harpoons. There is a large difference between periods I and II in terms of stone tools, and period I is sometimes referred to as the Badgour culture. There are many notable examples of this in art, and a style with strong realist aspects was established, with realism beginning to recede in the V period. Reindeer were often hunted, and the ruins of Paincevin in the southeast suburbs of Paris are particularly famous.

[Ichiro Yamanaka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランス、ドルドーニュ地方のマドレーヌMadeleine岩陰(いわかげ)を標準遺跡とする後期旧石器時代最後の文化。全期にわたって遺物が存在したのはシャンスラード人を伴出したレイモンドン洞窟(どうくつ)であるが、19世紀末に行われた発掘は、層位を把握しきっていないので、前期はプラカール洞窟の遺物をもとに定義されている。1万7000年前ごろから1万2000年前ごろに存在し、主としてフランス、スペインに分布するが、イギリス、南西ドイツ、ポーランドにも同系統の文化があることが知られている。6期に細分され、I~Ⅲ期は骨製尖頭器(せんとうき)の、Ⅳ~Ⅵ期は骨製銛(もり)の形態変化に特色がある。石器ではI期とⅡ期の差が大きく、I期はバドゥグール文化の名で区別されることもある。美術品にも顕著なものが多く、リアリズムの様相が濃い美術様式が確立され、V期にはその写実性が後退し始めている。トナカイが狩猟の対象になったことが多く、パリ南東郊のパンスバン遺跡はことに有名である。

[山中一郎]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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