It is the general name for medicines that act on the stomach and intestines, such as stomachic digestive agents, antacids, intestinal regulators, and antidiarrheals (diarrheal inhibitors), and is a general term for medicines used to treat symptoms such as gastric catarrh, intestinal catarrh, gastroptosis, gastric dilatation, gastric atony, indigestion, as well as heartburn, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Generally, they are over-the-counter medicines, and are used as household medicines and as essential items for overseas travelers. The main types include antacids (such as baking soda, magnesium oxide, and dried aluminum hydroxide gel) for excessive stomach acid; digestive agents for overeating and indigestion (diastase, pepsin, pancreatin, as well as microbial amylase, protease, lipase, and cellulase); bittering agents (such as gentian, Swertia japonica, and Rhus angustifolium) and fragrances (such as cinnamon, fennel, and peppermint) that promote gastric motility and increase the secretion of gastric juices when one has a loss of appetite or is indigestible; and intestinal regulators (such as berberine, acrinol, tannalbin, creosote, and lactic acid bacteria preparations) for stomach pain and diarrhea. Recently, drugs for treating peptic ulcers and those containing Scopolia extract have also become available on the market. The mainstream of gastrointestinal medicines are stomach-strengthening digestive agents, which are based on antacids and contain digestive enzymes. There are also many intestinal regulators whose main ingredient is lactic acid bacteria preparations. A recent trend is the frequent use of gastrointestinal medicines that are made only from herbal medicines based on Kampo prescriptions, some of which combine herbal medicines with antacids and digestive aids. Annaka-san is a famous Kampo medicine. [Fumiji Koho] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
健胃消化剤、制酸剤、整腸剤、止瀉(ししゃ)剤(下痢止め)など胃や腸に作用する薬の一般名で、胃カタル、腸カタル、胃下垂、胃拡張、胃アトニー、消化不良などのほか、胸やけ、腹痛、下痢などの症状に用いる医薬品の総称。概して一般用医薬品で、家庭常備薬としてまた海外旅行者の必需品として用いられる。 おもなものをあげると、胃酸過多に用いる制酸剤(重曹、酸化マグネシウム、乾燥水酸化アルミニウムゲルなど)をはじめ、食べすぎや消化不良に用いる消化剤(ジアスターゼ、ペプシン、パンクレアチンのほか、微生物由来のアミラーゼ、プロテアーゼ、リパーゼ、セルラーゼなど)、食欲不振や消化不良時に胃の運動を促進し、胃液の分泌を亢進(こうしん)させる苦味剤(ゲンチアナ、センブリ、リュウタンなど)や芳香剤(ケイヒ、ウイキョウ、ハッカなど)、腹痛や下痢に用いる整腸剤(ベルベリン、アクリノール、タンナルビン、クレオソート、乳酸菌製剤など)がある。また最近では消化性潰瘍(かいよう)治療薬やロートエキスを配合したものも市販されている。胃腸薬の主流は健胃消化剤であり、制酸剤をベースに消化酵素を配合したものである。また乳酸菌製剤を主成分とした整腸剤も多い。最近の傾向として漢方処方をベースとした生薬のみからなる胃腸薬も繁用され、生薬と制酸剤、消化剤などを配合したものもある。漢方では安中散が有名である。 [幸保文治] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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