Merton, Thomas

Japanese: マートン(英語表記)Merton, Thomas
Merton, Thomas
Born January 31, 1915, Basque, Prahlad
[Died] December 10, 1968. Bangkok. Born in France, he is one of the most outstanding religious writers and poets in modern America. After a colorful spiritual journey, he converted to Catholicism while studying at Columbia University (1938). In 1941, he entered the Trappist order, where he lived a strict monastic life, and, with the permission of his superiors who recognized his talent, he devoted himself to writing. His autobiography, Seven Story Mountain (48), became an instant bestseller, and he came to have a great influence as a star in the American Catholic intellectual world. He was ordained a priest in 1949, and became a novice in 1955. In times of chaos and suffering, his writings gave hope to those who sought inner purification and love through silence, renunciation, and immersion in God. In the 1960s, he turned his attention to nuclear war, the peace movement, and the black problem, and published articles and books on these topics, as well as excellent treatises on Eastern Zen. He died of an electric shock while in Bangkok for the Asian Benedictine Trappist Conference in 1968. His many works include Ascent to Truth (51), Seeds of Contemplation (49), The Sign to Jona (53), and Mystics and Zen Masters (69).

Merton
Merton, Robert K(ing)

Born: July 5, 1910, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
[Died] February 23, 2003. American sociologist from New York. After graduating from Temple University in 1931, he studied at Harvard University, where he became an assistant professor in 1936 and a professor at Columbia University in 1941. He was interested in a wide range of issues and published papers on science, technology, culture, economics, labor, population, bureaucracy, mass communication, and political parties, but he made particularly noteworthy achievements in the fields of sociology and methodology, social structure theory, sociology of knowledge, and mass communication. His theory of functionalism has had a great influence on sociology, and his concepts of manifest and latent functions, eufunction and dysfunction are particularly well known. He also emphasized the need for empirical "middle-range theories" to overcome the gap between theory and empirical evidence in sociology. His main work is Social Theory and Social Structure (1949, revised and expanded in 1957).

Merton
Merton, Robert C.

Born: July 31, 1944, New York, USA. American economist. Earned his PhD in economics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1970. Professor at Harvard University. In 1973, the year currency futures trading began at the Chicago Financial Futures Exchange, he collaborated on research into the Black-Scholes model, an option pricing model proposed by F. Black of the University of Chicago and MS Scholes of Stanford University, and worked to expand the scope of application of the model, paving the way for the expansion of financial derivative trading. In 1997, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences along with MS Scholes for devising a method for determining the value of derivatives such as options trading, and for their enormous contribution to the dramatic development of financial markets.

Merton
Merton

It is one of the 33 districts that make up Greater London in the southeast of England, United Kingdom. It is a borough that belongs to Outer London, located in the southwest of Greater London and east of Kingston upon Thames. It is a residential area, but also has many green spaces such as Mitcham and Wimbledon. Wimbledon is famous as the venue for the annual Wimbledon tennis championships, and is a mecca for tennis. Area: 38 km2 . Population: 187,908 (2001).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1915.1.31. バスク,プララド
[没]1968.12.10. バンコク
フランス生れのカトリック司祭。現代アメリカの最もすぐれた宗教作家,詩人。多彩な精神的遍歴ののち,コロンビア大学在学中 (1938) カトリックに改宗。 1941年トラピスト修道会に入り,きびしい修道生活をおくるとともに,その才能を認めた上長の許しによって著作に従事。自叙伝『七層の城』 Seven Story Mountain (48) は一躍ベストセラーとなり,アメリカ・カトリック思想界の明星として大きな影響を及ぼすようになった。 49年司祭に叙階,55年には自分の修道院の修練長となった。彼の著作は,混沌と苦悩の時代に,沈黙,放棄,神への沈潜を通じて内面の浄化と愛への道を模索する人々に希望を与えた。 60年代には核戦争,平和運動,黒人問題などに関心を向け,これらに関する論説や著作を発表するとともに東洋の禅についてもすぐれた論考を書いた。 68年,アジア・ベネディクト・トラピスト会議のためバンコクにおもむき,同地で感電事故のため死亡。著作には『真理への上昇』 Ascent to Truth (51) ,『観想の種子』 Seeds of Contemplation (49) ,『ヨナのしるし』 The Sign to Jona (53) ,『神秘主義者と禅師たち』 Mystics and Zen Masters (69) など多数。

マートン
Merton, Robert K(ing)

[生]1910.7.5. ペンシルバニア,フィラデルフィア
[没]2003.2.23. ニューヨーク
アメリカの社会学者。 1931年テンプル大学卒業後ハーバード大学で学び,1936年同大学助教授,1941年コロンビア大学教授。広範な問題領域に関心を示し,科学,技術,文化,経済,労働,人口,官僚制,マス・コミュニケーション,政党などに関する論文を発表しているが,特に,社会学論と方法論,社会構造論,知識社会学,マス・コミュニケーションの領域で注目すべき業績を残している。彼が提示した機能主義の理論は社会学に多くの影響を与えたが,特に顕在的機能と潜在的機能,順機能と逆機能などの概念は著名である。また,社会学における理論と実証との乖離 (かいり) を乗り越えるために,実証可能な「中範囲の理論」の必要を強調した。主著『社会理論と社会構造』 Social Theory and Social Structure (1949,1957改訂増補) 。

マートン
Merton, Robert C.

[生]1944.7.31. アメリカ,ニューヨーク
アメリカの経済学者。 1970年マサチューセッツ工科大学で経済学博士号を取得。ハーバード大学教授。シカゴの金融先物取引所で通貨先物の取引の始った 1973年に,シカゴ大学の F.ブラックとスタンフォード大学の M.S.ショールズが提示したオプション価格の決定モデル「ブラック=ショールズ・モデル」の研究に協力,モデルの応用範囲の拡大につとめ,金融派生商品 (デリバティブ) 取引拡大への道を開いた。 97年,オプション取引などデリバティブの値決定法を考案,金融市場の飛躍的な発展に多大の貢献をしたことで,M.S.ショールズとともにノーベル経済学賞を受賞。

マートン
Merton

イギリス,イングランド南東部,グレーターロンドンを構成する 33地区の一つ。外部ロンドンに属する区で,グレーターロンドンの南西,キングストンアポンテムズの東に位置する。住宅地であるがミッチャム,ウィンブルドンなどの緑地も多い。ウィンブルドンは毎年行なわれるテニスのウィンブルドン選手権大会の会場として有名で,テニスのメッカとなっている。面積 38km2。人口 18万7908(2001)。

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