Consolidated Financial Statements - Renketsukessan

Japanese: 連結決算 - れんけつけっさん
Consolidated Financial Statements - Renketsukessan

It is a method of accounting in which a group of companies that are in a controlling/subordinate relationship is treated as a single entity and financial statements (accounting reports that disclose the financial status of the business) are prepared for a given accounting period (usually one year). Until 1999, Japanese corporate accounting standards were conducted with the scope of accounting for legally independent individual companies. However, at that time, the international accounting standards, as a global standard, had already stipulated that financial statements should be prepared based on consolidated accounting, which treats a group of companies that are in a controlling/subordinate relationship and carry out economically integrated business management as a single entity. Japan carried out a Japanese version of the Financial Big Bang (financial system reform) and its core, the Accounting Big Bang (accounting system reform), and made it mandatory to adopt accounting standards that mainly require the preparation of consolidated financial statements from the March 2000 accounting period.

The Securities and Exchange Law (formerly the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law) introduced consolidated financial statements in 1977, but it was not until the "status of corporate groups, etc." was included in the disclosure information in securities reports for fiscal years ending in March 1992 that the use of consolidated financial statements was fully implemented. Furthermore, as mentioned above, it was only from fiscal years ending in March 2000 that consolidated financial statements were institutionalized as the basic financial statements. In response to the fact that generally fair and reasonable accounting practices and standards were centered on consolidated accounting, the Commercial Code implemented the system of consolidated financial statements in the revised Commercial Code of May 2002. This system was then inherited in the Companies Act of 2005, and continues to be used to this day. Consolidated accounting is also linked to the introduction of the consolidated tax payment system in the corporate tax system for parent companies of group management from April 2002. The adoption of the consolidated tax payment system is optional for companies.

As accounting standards move towards international accounting and convergence, consolidated financial statements are becoming increasingly important in corporate accounting.

[Tokai Mikio]

[Reference item] | Financial statements | Financial statements | Consolidated financial statements

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

支配・従属関係にある複数の会社からなる企業集団を単一の組織体とみなして、所定の会計期間(通常は1年)の財務諸表(財政状態の経営成績を開示する会計報告書)を作成する決算の方式をいう。1999年(平成11)まで、日本の企業会計基準は、法律的に独立した個々の企業を会計の範囲として決算が実施されていた。しかしながら、当時すでに国際会計基準は、グローバルスタンダードとして、支配・従属の関係にあり経済的な意味では統合的な企業経営を遂行する企業グループを単一の組織体とみなす連結会計を原則として財務諸表を作成することとしていた。日本は、日本版金融ビッグバン(金融システム改革)およびその中核となった会計ビッグバン(会計制度改革)を断行して、2000年3月決算から連結財務諸表の作成を主体とする会計基準を強制することとなった。

 証券取引法(金融商品取引法の旧称)は1977年(昭和52)から連結財務諸表を導入したが、本格的には1992年3月決算期から有価証券報告書における開示内容に「企業集団等の状況」が盛り込まれてからのことである。さらに連結財務諸表が基本の財務諸表であると制度化されたのは、前記のように2000年3月決算からのことである。商法は、一般に公正妥当な会計慣行・会計基準が連結会計を中心としたことを受けて、2002年5月の改正商法において連結計算書類の制度を施行した。その後、2005年公布の会社法においてもこの制度は継承され現在に至っている。また、連結決算は、2002年4月からグループ経営の親会社による法人税制における連結納税制度の導入にも結び付いている。なお、連結納税制度の採用は会社の選択制となっている。

 会計基準の国際会計とコンバージェンス(融合化)の促進とともに、連結決算はますます企業会計における位置づけを強めている。

[東海幹夫]

[参照項目] | 決算 | 財務諸表 | 連結財務諸表

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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