The deity worshipped at Ise Jingu (Naiku). The object of worship is the Yata no Kagami mirror. He is the imperial ancestor. He is also considered a sun god, as he is a great god who illuminates the sky. This god was born from the left eye of Izanagi-no-Mikoto when he performed a purification ritual at Awagi Plain in Tsukushi. He is said to be the son of the two gods Izanagi and Izanami. After that, he made a pact with Susanoo-no-Mikoto, but when Susanoo-no-Mikoto won, he committed acts of violence such as throwing a stripped horse through the roof of the sacred weaving shop where the sacred garments were woven, so Susanoo became frightened and shut himself up in the Ame-no-Iwato cave. The whole country was plunged into darkness, but Ame-no-Uzume-no-Mikoto emerged from the land through her dance. Afterwards, Ninigi-no-Mikoto was ordered to rule the land on earth, and was given a mirror as a substitute for his soul, which he then sent down from Takamagahara (Kojiki). This mirror was with the emperor, but during the reign of Emperor Sujin, it was said to be too fearsome, so it was separated and moved to Kasanui-no-Mura, where Toyosukiiri-hime-no-Mikoto was made to worship it. Furthermore, in the reign of Emperor Suinin, she was succeeded by Yamatohime-no-mikoto, who traveled through Uda, Omi, and Mino in search of a place where the great god could reside, and finally arrived at Ise, where the great god liked the place so much that she built a shrine upstream of the Isuzu River. This is Ise Shrine (Nihon Shoki). Amaterasu Omikami is the sun goddess, and there are three statues of the sun as nature, a shrine maiden who worships the sun goddess, and the imperial ancestor god. She is said to have been born from the left and right eyes of Izanagi along with Tsukuyomi-no-Mikoto, and is depicted as a natural image of the sun. She is said to have woven sacred garments, and is also known as Ohirume-no-Muchi (Nihon Shoki), and is depicted as a shrine maiden serving the sun god. Her character as an imperial ancestor is strongly expressed in the story of her commanding Ninigi-no-Mikoto to descend and bestowing a mirror. Even so, why was she moved to Ise when Yamato would have been sufficient as an imperial ancestor? In fact, the original image of Amaterasu Omikami was the sun god worshipped in Amabe in the Ise region, and it is said that this local sun god was adopted by the imperial family, and from there she grew into a gigantic god and became the pinnacle of the gods. The story of the move to Ise explains this. Although Amaterasu Omikami is a female god, there is also a theory that she is a male god. [Toshihiko Moriya] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
伊勢(いせ)神宮(内宮(ないくう))の祭神。神体は八咫鏡(やたのかがみ)。皇祖神である。天空を照らす偉大なる神という意から、太陽神ともされている。この神は、伊弉諾尊(いざなぎのみこと)が筑紫(つくし)のアワギ原で禊祓(みそぎはらい)をしたとき、その左目から生まれた。伊弉諾・伊弉冉(いざなみ)二神の子という。その後素戔嗚尊(すさのおのみこと)と誓約(うけい)をし、勝った素戔嗚尊が、神衣を織っている神聖な機屋(はたや)の棟から逆剥(さかは)ぎにした馬を投げ入れるなどの暴行をしたために、恐れて天岩戸(あめのいわと)にこもってしまった。国中が暗闇(くらやみ)になったが、天鈿女命(あめのうずめのみこと)の踊りにより出てくる。その後、瓊瓊杵尊(ににぎのみこと)に地上の国を統治するようにとの命令を下し、自分の魂のかわりとして鏡を授け、高天原(たかまがはら)から降ろした(『古事記』)。この鏡は天皇とともにあったが、崇神(すじん)天皇の代に畏(おそ)れ多いというので分離し、笠縫邑(かさぬいのむら)に移し、豊鍬入姫命(とよすきいりひめのみこと)をして祀(まつ)らせた。さらに、垂仁(すいにん)天皇の代になって倭姫命(やまとひめのみこと)に交代したが、この姫は大神の鎮まる所を求めて莵田(うだ)、近江(おうみ)、美濃(みの)を回り、伊勢に至ったところ、大神がこの地をいたく気に入ったので、五十鈴(いすず)川の上流に神殿を建てた。これが伊勢神宮である(『日本書紀』)。天照大神は太陽神であるが、そこには自然としての太陽、太陽神を祀る巫女(みこ)、皇祖神、の三つの像がみられる。月読命(つきよみのみこと)とともに伊弉諾尊の左右の目から生まれたとするところには、自然としての太陽の像がみられ、神衣を織っていたとか、別名を大日孁貴(おおひるめのむち)(『日本書紀』)といわれているところには太陽神に仕える巫女の姿があり、瓊瓊杵尊に降臨を命じ鏡を授けている話には、皇祖神としての性格が色濃く現れている。それにしても、皇祖神ならば大和(やまと)にあればよいのに、なぜ伊勢に移したのか。実は、天照大神の原像は伊勢地方の海部(あまべ)が祀る太陽神であって、この地方神としての太陽神を皇室が取り込み、そこから巨大神に成長して神々の頂点にたつようになったのが天照大神ともいわれる。それを説明したのが伊勢移動の物語である。なお天照大神は女性神だが、男性神という説もある。 [守屋俊彦] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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