Matthias

Japanese: マティアス(英語表記)Matthias
Matthias
Born: February 24, 1557 in Vienna
[Died] March 20, 1619. Vienna. King of Hungary (reigned 1608-18), King of Bohemia (reigned 11-17). Holy Roman Emperor (reigned 12-19). Of the House of Habsburg. Son of Maximilian II. Brother of Emperor Rudolf II, nephew of King Philip II of Spain. Educated in Spain, he became Governor of the Netherlands in 1577, King of Hungary in 1608, and King of Bohemia in 1611. He defended Catholicism from an early stage, which led to confrontations with Protestants in various regions. He also fought against the Turks twice (1594-95, 98-1601), laying the foundation for half a century of peace. He adopted a relaxed policy in the Hungarian and Bohemian issues, which led to conflict with his brother Emperor Rudolf II, who supported a military policy. After the death of Rudolf in 1512, he was elected Holy Roman Emperor, but he was often ill and had no heir, so he entrusted government affairs to his favorite, Melchior Kressar. However, he failed to mediate the religious conflicts among the princes, which was an indirect cause of the Thirty Years' War.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1557.2.24. ウィーン
[没]1619.3.20. ウィーン
ハンガリー王 (在位 1608~18) ,ボヘミア王 (在位 11~17) 。神聖ローマ皇帝 (在位 12~19) 。ハプスブルク家の出身。マクシミリアン2世の子。皇帝ルドルフ2世の弟,スペイン王フェリペ2世の甥。スペインで教育を受け,1577年ネーデルラント総督,1608年ハンガリー王,11年ボヘミア王となった。早くからカトリックを擁護したため各地のプロテスタントと対決し,また,トルコとも2度にわたって戦い (1594~95,98~1601) ,半世紀にわたる平和の基礎を築いた。ハンガリーやボヘミア問題では緩和政策をとり,武断政策を奉じる兄の皇帝ルドルフ2世と対立した。 12年ルドルフの死後神聖ローマ皇帝に選出されたが,病気がちで嗣子にも恵まれず,政務を寵臣メルヒオール・クレースルにゆだねたが,諸侯の宗教的対立の調停に失敗,三十年戦争の遠因をつくった。

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