Kyoto magistrate - Kyoto Machibugyo

A title of a position in the Edo Shogunate. One of the magistrates of distant provinces. In the early Edo period, along with Fushimi County Magistrate Kobori Masakazu (Enshu), the magistrate of Kyoto Province, Gomi Toyonao played a major role in governing the Kinai and neighboring provinces. In 1668 (Kanbun 8), it was established when the control of Kyoto City, which had been held by the Kyoto Shoshidai until then, was transferred to the magistrate. Its authority was extremely wide, including direct control of Kyoto City, general civil administration within Yamashiro Province, adjudication of local-related public lawsuits in eight provinces in the Kinai and neighboring provinces, control of temples and shrines in the same eight provinces, and control of the Kamigata magistrates. However, due to the division of provinces in 1722 (Kyoho 7), public lawsuits in Settsu, Kawachi, Izumi, and Harima came under the jurisdiction of the Osaka Town Magistrate, and its authority was halved. They were ruled by the Roju, had a stipend of 1,500 koku, a salary of 600 koku, and had a staff of two (commonly known as the East and West) except during the Genroku period (1688-1704), with 20 Yoriki and 50 Doshin attached to each. They received instructions from the Kyoto Shoshidai for important matters.

[Michitaka Kamata]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸幕府の職名。遠国(おんごく)奉行の一つ。江戸初期、伏見(ふしみ)郡代小堀政一(こぼりまさかず)（遠州(えんしゅう)）と並び畿内(きない)近国支配に大きな役割を果たした京都郡代五味豊直(とよなお)の系譜につながる。1668年（寛文8）、それまで京都所司代が握っていた京都市中の支配権を移譲されて成立。その権限はきわめて大きく、京都市中の直轄、山城(やましろ)国内の民政全般、畿内近国8か国の地方関係公事訴訟裁許、同8か国の寺社支配、上方(かみがた)代官衆の統轄など。しかし、1722年（享保7）の国分けにより、摂津、河内(かわち)、和泉(いずみ)、播磨(はりま)の公事訴訟が大坂町奉行の所管となり、その権限は半減された。老中支配、1500石高、役料600石、定員は元禄(げんろく)期（1688～1704）を除き2名（東西と俗称）、各与力20騎、同心50人を付属。大事については京都所司代の指示を受けた。

［鎌田道隆］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例