Guillaume de Machaut

Japanese: マショー - ましょー(英語表記)Guillaume de Machaut
Guillaume de Machaut

French composer and poet. Born in Champagne, he served as secretary to John de Luxembourg, Count of Luxembourg and King of Bohemia from 1323, but after John's death in battle in 1346, he served Bonnes, Queen of John II, King Charles of Navarre, and John II's sons. At the same time, he served as a canon of Reims Cathedral from 1337, and spent his later years in Reims. Machaut inherited the tradition of troubadour songs, established the song form, and determined the direction of French polyphonic song thereafter. He was the greatest composer of 14th-century France, and showed outstanding talent in the field of motets since the 13th century. He also wrote the four-part Mass Notre Dame, in which all the chapters of the Ordinary of Mass are composed as polyphonic songs, which is important as the first completed mass in history by a single composer. Among his poetic works are "The Potion of Fate" (c. 1341) and "The Lion's Tale" (1342), as well as "The Tale of Vera" (1362-65), an idyllic ode to the friendship between him and a 16-year-old girl he corresponded with at the age of 60.

[Imatani Kazunori]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランスの作曲家、詩人。シャンパーニュ地方に生まれ、1323年からリュクサンブール伯でボヘミア王でもあったジャン・ド・リュクサンブールの秘書官として活躍したが、46年にジャンが戦死したあとは、フランス王ジャン2世王妃ボンヌ、ナバル王シャルル、そしてジャン2世の息子たちに仕えた。同時に、37年からランス大聖堂参事会員も務め、晩年はランスで過ごした。マショーはトルーベール歌曲の伝統を受け継ぎ、歌曲定型を確立して、以後のフランス多声歌曲の方向を決定づけたばかりでなく、13世紀以来のモテトゥスの分野にも優れた才能を発揮した、14世紀フランスにおける最大の作曲家である。またミサ通常文のすべての章を多声曲として通作した、四声の『ノートル・ダム・ミサ曲』を書いたが、これは一人の作曲家の手になる史上最初の通作ミサ曲として重要である。また、詩作品では『運命の女神の薬』(1341ころ)、『獅子(しし)物語』(1342)などのほか、60歳の彼が16歳の少女と文通、その友情を牧歌的に歌った『真実物語』(1362~65)がとくに有名である。

[今谷和徳]

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