Kasai Bayashi

This is a festival music tradition that is passed down in the Katsushika and Edogawa wards of Tokyo. Around the time of the Kyoho era (1716-1736), Ina Hanzaemon, the magistrate of the Kasai domain, is said to have invented it from Kagura music in collaboration with Nosetamaki, the chief priest of Kasai Shrine (then Katori Shrine), in order to improve the entertainment of the young people in the domain. After that, it began to be performed as float music in the Sanno Festival, which was called the Tenka Matsuri of Edo, and the Kanda Festival, and is considered to be the origin of the Edo festival music that is widely performed in Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba, Saitama, and other areas, including Kanda Festival. The lineup includes one large drum, two shime drums, one flute, and one hand-held gong, and the songs include the standard pieces "Uchikomi," "Yatai-bayashi," "Shoden," "Kamakura," and "Shichoume," as well as "Nageyari," "Ninba," and "Yumi" for lion dances. It is also called baka-bayashi because it includes the clown dance in which the performers wear fool masks (clown masks).

[Masahiro Nishikado]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

東京都葛飾(かつしか)区と江戸川区一帯に伝承する祭囃子。享保(きょうほう)（1716～36）のころ、葛西領の代官伊奈半左衛門が、領内青年の娯楽の健全化のため葛西神社（当時は香取(かとり)明神社）の神主能勢環(のせたまき)と図って神楽(かぐら)囃子から創案したという。その後、江戸の天下祭とよばれた山王祭(さんのうまつり)や神田祭(かんだまつり)の付祭(つけまつり)の山車(だし)囃子として出演するようになり、神田囃子をはじめ、東京、神奈川、千葉、埼玉などに広く行われている江戸祭囃子系の元祖と目されている。編成は大太鼓1、締(しめ)太鼓（しらべ）2、笛（とんび）1、手平鉦(ひらがね)（よすけ）1で、曲には「打込み」「屋台囃子」「昇殿」「鎌倉」「仕丁舞(しちょうめ)」の正曲のほか、「投げやり」「忍馬(にんば)」、獅子舞用の「勇み」などがある。馬鹿(ばか)面（道化面）をかぶった道化踊りがついたことから馬鹿囃子ともいう。

［西角井正大］

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