…The above (3) and the table are called categorical syllogisms to be precise, and are distinguished from the following (4), (5), and (6) (in the following, p , q , and r represent any proposition). (4) The type of reasoning of the form “if p then q , if q then r ” ⇒ “if p then r ” is called a pure hypothetical syllogism, “if p then q , p ⇒ q ” is called the affirmative form of a hypothetical syllogism, and “if p then q , not q ” ⇒ “not p ” is called the negative form of the same hypothetical syllogism. (5) “either p or q is true, not q ” ⇒ “ p ” is called the negative affirmative form of a disjunctive syllogism, and “either p or q is true, p ⇒ not q ” is called the positive negative form of the same hypothetical syllogism. … *Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "hypothetical syllogism" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…以上の(3),表は,正確には〈定言的三段論法〉と呼ばれ,次の(4),(5),(6)とは区別されている(以下において,p,q,rは任意の命題を表すものとする)。 (4)〈“pならばq”,“qならばr”⇒“pならばr”〉という型の推論は〈純粋仮言三段論法〉,〈“pならばq”,“p”⇒“q”〉は〈仮言三段論法〉の〈肯定式〉,〈“pならばq”,“qでない”⇒“pでない”〉は同論法の〈否定式〉と呼ばれている。 (5)〈“pとqのどちらか一方だけ成立する”,“qでない”⇒“p”〉は〈選言三段論法〉の〈否定肯定式〉,〈“pとqのどちらか一方だけ成立する”,“p”⇒“qでない”〉は同論法の〈肯定否定式〉と呼ばれる。… ※「仮言三段論法」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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