When a flow hits a rotating cylinder at a right angle, the cylinder is subjected to a force perpendicular to the flow. This phenomenon was first experimentally studied in 1852 by German Heinrich Gustav Magnus (1802-1870) to explain the phenomenon of a cannonball spinning on its axis as it flies and deviates from the vertical, so it is called the Magnus effect. Theoretically, it is explained by the Kutta-Zhukovsky theorem. This is not limited to cylinders, and even when a three-dimensional object such as a sphere rotates, a force acts perpendicular to both the flow and the axis of rotation. An example of this is when a baseball curves. [Imai Isao] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
回転している円柱に直角に流れが当たると、円柱は流れに直角方向の力を受ける。この現象は、自転しながら飛行する砲弾が鉛直面からずれる現象を説明するために、1852年に、ドイツのマグヌスHeinrich Gustav Magnus(1802―1870)によって初めて実験的に研究されたのでマグヌス効果とよばれる。理論的にはクッタ‐ジュコフスキーの定理によって説明される。円柱に限らず球のような三次元的な物体が回転する場合でも、流れと回転軸の両方に直角な方向に力が働く。野球のボールがカーブするのはその例である。 [今井 功] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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