The Dengaku Daigakushi (English: Dian-ge Da-xue-shi; Tien-ko Ta-hsüeh-shih)

Japanese: 殿閣大学士 - でんかくだいがくし（英語表記）dian-ge da-xue-shi; tien-ko ta-hsüeh-shih

An official title in China from the Song dynasty through the Ming and Qing dynasties. During the reign of Emperor Zhongzong of the Tang Dynasty, the first Daishi was placed in the Xiuwenguan (later known as the Hongwenguan). The Song dynasty also followed this system, placing Daishi in palaces such as the Zhaowenguan and the Jixiandian, and the Prime Minister often served in both roles. The Liao, Jin, and Yuan dynasties also followed the Song system, but the Ming Dynasty saw major changes. At the start of the Ming, the Cabinet Daishi were simply advisors to the emperor and had a low status, but after Emperor Yongle established a cabinet and allowed the Cabinet Daishi to participate in government affairs, they were called Cabinet Daishi and effectively occupied the position of Prime Minister. The Qing dynasty also followed the Ming system, but their rank was elevated to the rank of first rank, and they came to match the real name with the real name.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国，宋代から明・清代までの官名。唐の中宗のとき，修文館 (のちの弘文館) に大学士をおいたのが最初。宋代もこの制を受け，昭文館，集賢殿などの殿閣に大学士をおき，宰相がこれを兼ねることが多かった。遼，金，元も宋制にならったが，明になると大きな変化が生れた。明初の殿閣大学士は皇帝の単なる顧問で地位も低かったが，永楽帝が内閣を設けて殿閣大学士を機務に参与させてから，これを内閣大学士と称して，実質上宰相の位置を占めるようになった。清も明制を踏襲したが，その品秩を高めて正一品とし，名実相伴うようになった。

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