Machiavelli, Niccolò di Bernado de

Japanese: マキアベリ（英語表記）Machiavelli， Niccolò di Bernado dei

Born: May 3, 1469 in Florence
Died June 21, 1527. Italian politician and political thinker in Florence. Secretary of the Florentine Republican Government from 1498 to 1512. In 1502, he was sent to serve under C. Borgia, where he closely observed his political activities and gained ideas for how political activities should be conducted in the new era. He made an effort to reform the military system in Florence, and was active in military diplomacy thereafter, including as an envoy to the Holy Roman Emperor and the King of France. When the Medici family returned to rule Florence in 1512, he was stripped of all his official positions and temporarily imprisoned. He was released, but was restricted in where he could live, and from 1513 he lived in a small village near Florence, where he devoted himself to writing, writing works such as "The Prince" (published in 1532), "Discussions on the First Ten Books of Titus Livio" (31), and "Dell'arte della guerra" (20). Later, his relationship with the Medici family improved, and in 1520 he was commissioned by the Medici family to return to Florence and write "Storia fiorentina" (published in 1532). However, in 1527, the Medici rule was overthrown and the Republic was rebuilt, and Machiavelli, who was seen as a supporter of the Medici, was once again overthrown and died in despair. Machiavelli's political thought, with its cold realism towards power politics, played a decisive role in the birth of modern political awareness.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1469.5.3. フィレンツェ
[没]1527.6.21. フィレンツェ
イタリアの政治家，政治思想家。 1498～1512年フィレンツェ共和政府の書記官。 02年 C.ボルジアのもとに派遣され，彼の政治活動をつぶさに観察して新時代の政治活動のあり方の着想を得た。フィレンツェの軍制改革に尽力，その後も神聖ローマ皇帝，フランス王への使節など軍事外交に活躍した。 12年フィレンツェの支配者にメディチ家が復帰すると一切の官職を奪われて一時投獄された。釈放されたが居住地を制限され，13年からフィレンツェ近郊の寒村にこもって執筆活動に専念，『君主論』 Il Principe (1532刊) ，『ティトゥス・リウィウスの初編 10編に関する論考』 Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio (31) ，『戦術論』 Dell'arte della guerra (20) などを著わした。その後メディチ家との関係が好転，20年メディチ家より委嘱されてフィレンツェに戻り，『フィレンツェ史』 Storia fiorentina (32刊) を執筆した。ところが 27年メディチ家支配が倒されて共和政が再建され，メディチ派とみられた彼は再び失脚，失意のうちに没した。マキアベリの政治思想は，その権力政治に対する冷徹なリアリズムによって近代的な政治認識の誕生に決定的役割を果した。

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