Shirando

Japanese: 芝蘭堂 - しらんどう
Shirando

A Dutch studies school opened by Otsuki Gentaku. Having studied Dutch under Sugita Genpaku and Maeno Ryotaku, Gentaku travelled to Nagasaki to study Dutch, and returned to Edo in 1786 (Tenmei 6), where he was appointed as the domain's doctor for the Sendai domain. He lived in Honzaimokucho, Edo (Chuo Ward, Tokyo), and at the same time opened a school which he called Shirando. According to the pupil register, between 1789 (Kansei 1) and 1826 (Bunsei 9), there were 94 pupils, from all over the country, and Shirando became a major centre for Dutch studies. Gentaku wrote "Rangaku Kaitei" as an introductory book to Dutch studies education at Shirando. Additionally, a document known as the Shirando Shingenkaizu depicts how Dutch scholars celebrated the solar calendar new year of 1795 on November 11th of the leap year of the 6th year of the Kansei era.

[Numata Satoshi]

"The History of the Introduction of Western Studies" by Jiro Numata (1960, Shibundo)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

大槻玄沢(おおつきげんたく)が開いた蘭学塾。杉田玄白(げんぱく)、前野良沢(りょうたく)に蘭学を学んだ玄沢は、長崎に遊学しオランダ語を学び、1786年(天明6)江戸に戻り、仙台藩の藩医に登用され、江戸・本材木(ほんざいもく)町(東京都中央区)に住み、同時に塾を開き芝蘭堂と号した。その門人帳によれば、1789年(寛政1)より1826年(文政9)の間の門人は94人を数え、その出身は全国各地に及び、芝蘭堂は蘭学の一大中心をなした。芝蘭堂での蘭学教育入門書として玄沢が著したものが『蘭学階梯(かいてい)』である。また寛政(かんせい)6年閏(うるう)11月11日、蘭学者たちが太陽暦の新年1795年を祝ったようすが『芝蘭堂新元会図』として残されている。

[沼田 哲]

『沼田次郎著『洋学伝来の歴史』(1960・至文堂)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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