Bracts - Houhou

A scholar and classical Chinese writer from the Qing Dynasty. His courtesy name was Linggao and his pen name was Wangxi. His home town was Tongcheng County, Anhui Province, but since his great-grandfather's generation he has lived in Shangyuan County, Jiangning Prefecture. His father, Zhongshu (1638-1707), was a skilled poet and was friends with the Ming Dynasty's elders. His brother Zhongshu was also a master of eight-legged prose, and influenced Gong Zizhen. He was a Jinshi in 1706 (45th year of the Kangxi era). He was involved in the Nanshanji Incident, a letter crime crime, but barely escaped death, and later became the Minister of Rites in the Ministry of Rites. He inherited the Tang-Song school of Gui Youguang of the Ming Dynasty, and established the theory of legality in the Tongcheng school of classical Chinese. Right means that the content of the text does not go against the spirit of Song learning, and law means that the form does not go against the rules of classical Chinese. His writings are simple and concise. He focused on the study of rituals, and wrote "Analysis of the Liji" and "Analysis of the Rites." His anthologies include "Wangxi Anthology," "Extra-Textual Writings of Wangxi Anthology," and "Supplementary Texts of the Wangxi Anthology."

[Ichiro Sato March 18, 2016]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、清(しん)代の学者、古文作家。字(あざな)は霊皋(れいこう)、号は望渓(ぼうけい)。安徽(あんき)省桐城(とうじょう)県が本籍だが、曽祖父(そうそふ)の代からは江寧(こうねい)府上元県に住む。父の仲舒(ちゅうじょ)（1638―1707）は詩をよくし、明(みん)の遺老たちと交遊した。兄舟も八股文(はっこぶん)の名手で、龔自珍(きょうじちん)に影響を与えている。1706年（康煕45）の進士。文字の獄、南山集事件に連座し、ようやくにして死を免れ、のち官は礼部侍郎に至った。明の帰有光の唐宋(とうそう)派を継承して、桐城派古文の義法理論を確立。義とは文章の内容が宋学の精神に背かないことを意味し、法とはその形式が古文家の法度にもとらないことを意味する。彼の文章は素朴で簡潔である。礼の学に力を入れ、『礼記析疑』『儀礼析疑』がある。文集には『望渓文集』『望渓文集外文』『望渓文集外文補遺』がある。

［佐藤一郎　2016年3月18日］

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