Parnell Charles Stewart Parnell

A leader of the Irish Home Rule movement. Born into an old family in Avondale, County Wycrow. Protestant. After graduating from Cambridge University, he entered politics and became famous for his powerful filibustering tactics. In 1877, he succeeded Issac Butt (1813-1879) as leader of the Home Rule movement. Meanwhile, he was elected chairman of the Land League in 1879, and urged Britain to resolve the Irish problem from both the home rule and land issues. Gladstone's Land Act and Home Rule Bill were largely due to his activities. However, in 1890, his affair with the wife of a fellow Nationalist MP came to light, causing a split in the Nationalist party, and he was defeated in the 1891 election and retired.

[Satoshi Horikoshi]

"The History of Ireland: Race and Class, Volumes 1 and 2, by P.B. Ellis, co-translated by Horikoshi Satoshi and Iwami Toshiko (1991, Ronsosha)" ▽ "An Introduction to Irish History, by S. McCall, edited by Ono Osamu, translated by Obuchi Atsuko and Yamaoku Keiko (1996, Akashi Shoten)" ▽ "Ireland, by Ueno Itaru (included in Modern British History, by Matsuura Takamine, 1992, Yamakawa Publishing)" ▽ "The Romance and Rebellion of the Irish Nation, by Matsuo Taro (1994, Ronsosha)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

アイルランド自治運動の指導者。ウィクロウ州エイボンデールの旧家に生まれる。プロテスタント。ケンブリッジ大学卒業後、政界に入り強力な議事妨害戦術を展開して有名になり、1877年バットIssac Butt（1813―1879）を継いで自治運動の指導者になった。一方、1879年には土地同盟の議長に選ばれ、自治問題と土地問題の両面からアイルランド問題の解決をイギリスに迫った。グラッドストーンの土地法や自治法案は、彼の活動に負うところが大きい。しかし1890年、同僚の国民党議員の妻との不義が明るみに出て、国民党の分裂をもたらし、翌1891年の選挙に敗れて引退した。

［堀越　智］

『P・B・エリス著、堀越智・岩見寿子共訳『アイルランド史―民族と階級』上下（1991・論創社）』▽『S・マコール著、小野修編、大渕敦子・山奥景子訳『アイルランド史入門』（1996・明石書店）』▽『上野格著「アイルランド」（松浦高嶺著『イギリス現代史』所収1992・山川出版社）』▽『松尾太郎著『アイルランド民族のロマンと反逆』（1994・論創社）』

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