Boeotia (English spelling)

Japanese: ボイオティア - ぼいおてぃあ(英語表記)Voiotia
Boeotia (English spelling)

A region in central Greece. In English it is spelled Boeotia (pronounced bi-oh-sia). Currently it is a prefecture, and its current boundaries are almost identical to the area that played an important role in ancient Greece. The prefecture has an area of ​​2,952 square kilometers and a population of 133,100 (2003 estimate). Its capital is Levádhia. It faces the Gulf of Corinth to the south and the Gulf of Euboea to the northeast, and borders the regions of Attica to the southeast, Photiotis to the northwest, and Phocis to the west. It is divided into two plains by the Helicon mountain range (highest peak 1,748 meters). It is a producer of grain, cotton yarn, and high-quality livestock.

[Tomoko Mashita]

history

Remains of dwellings dating back to the Paleolithic period have been found. In the Mycenaean period, there were royal palaces in Thebes and Orchomenos. Homer's epic poem lists 29 independent cities. The league of cities, which was established in the 6th century BC, was expanded and reorganized after the Persian Wars under the leadership of Thebes. It sided with Sparta during the Peloponnesian War and opposed Sparta during the Corinthian War. After being dissolved at the time of the "Treaty of Antalcidas" (386 BC), the Boeotian League was rebuilt in the 370s BC, further strengthening the leadership of Thebes, which held four of the seven highest official positions, the Boeotian Boeotarchos. After the defeat at the Battle of Chaeronea and the destruction of Thebes by Alexander the Great (335 BC), Boeotia rapidly declined, and in the Roman period, the only cities that could be considered cities were Tanagra and Thespiae.

[Kenji Furukawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ギリシア中部の一地方。英語ではBoeotia(発音はビオーシア)と綴(つづ)る。現在は一県をなし、古代ギリシアにおいて重要な役割を果たした地域と現在の県域はほぼ一致する。県は面積2952平方キロメートル、人口13万3100(2003推計)。県都レバディアLevádhia。南はコリント湾、北東はエウボイア湾に面し、南東はアッティカ、北西はフォティオティス、西はフォキスの各地方と接する。ヘリコン山系(最高峰1748メートル)によって二つの平野に分かれる。穀物、綿糸、高品質の家畜の産地。

[真下とも子]

歴史

旧石器時代からの住居跡が確認されている。ミケーネ時代にはテーベとオルコメノスに王宮があった。ホメロスの叙事詩には独立した29の都市があげられている。紀元前6世紀にできた都市同盟は、テーベ主導のもとにペルシア戦争後拡大再編された。ペロポネソス戦争中はスパルタ側にくみし、コリント戦争時には敵対した。「アンタルキダスの条約」(前386)時に解体されたのち、前370年代に再建されたボイオティア同盟は、最高官職ボイオタルコスBoeotarchos7名のうち4名を占めたテーベの主導権をいっそう強めた。カイロネイアの戦いでの敗戦とアレクサンドロス大王のテーベ破壊(前335)後、ボイオティアは急速に衰退し、ローマ時代には都市といえるものはタナグラとテスピアイだけといわれた。

[古川堅治]

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