Kalmyk - Калмык/Kalmïk

Japanese: カルムイク語 - かるむいくご(英語表記)Калмык/Kalmïk
Kalmyk - Калмык/Kalmïk

It is the language of the Mongolian Kalmyk people who live in the Republic of Kalmykia (Kalmyk-Halimugh-Tanguchi) on the northwest coast of the Caspian Sea in Russia. The Kalmyks are part of the Oirats who migrated from Dzungaria in the early 17th century and settled in the lower Volga River area, with a speaking population of about 174,000. In addition to front i, eä and back u, o, a, it also has front-rounded ü [y] and ö [∅]. There is a distinction between long and short vowels. ut "long", ūt "bag". Nouns can be divided into singular and plural, and change into 9 cases. For the noun al (fire), the possessive endings are added to the noun: -in for the genitive no, -d for the dative ni, -ig for the accusative wo, -as for the ablative kara, -ar for the instrumental with, -ta for the covalent to, -la for the competitive with, and -ur for the directional no ho e. ax-m (my brother), ax-tšn (your brother). The pronouns bi (I), tši (you), bidn (we), and tadn (you guys) are added to the end of the verb form to create person inflections. nād-na-w (←bi) (I play), nād-na-tš (←tši) (you play). -na- indicates the present tense. The writing system was converted to Cyrillic in 1938, but before that Mongolian script was used.

[Koizumi Tamotsu]

[References] | Oirats | Kalmykia

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ロシア連邦カスピ海北西岸のカルムイキア(カルムイキア・ハリムグ・タングチ)共和国に住むモンゴル系カルムイク人の言語。カルムイク人は17世紀初めにジュンガリア方面から移動し、ボルガ川下流に住み着いたオイラート人の一部で、言語人口約17万4000。母音は前舌のi,eäと後舌のu,o,aのほかに、前舌円唇のü[y]とö[∅]をもつ。長母音と短母音の別がある。ut「長い」、ūt「袋」。名詞には単数と複数の別があり、9格に変化する。名詞al「火」において、属格の「の」では-in、与格「に」では-d、対格「を」では-ig、奪格「から」では-as、具格「で」では-ar、共格「と」では-ta、競合格「とともに」では-la、方向格「のほうへ」では-urがつき、所有語尾が名詞に付加される。ax-m「私の兄」、ax-tšn「君の兄」。また、代名詞bi「私」、tši「君」、bidn「私たち」、tadn「君たち」が動詞形の末尾に添加されて人称変化をつくりだしている。nād-na-w(←bi)「私が遊ぶ」、nād-na-tš(←tši)「君が遊ぶ」。-na-は現在時制を表す。表記法は1938年にキリル文字化されたが、それ以前は蒙古(もうこ)文字が使用されていた。

[小泉 保]

[参照項目] | オイラート | カルムイキア

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Kalmyk alphabet - Kalmyk letters

>>:  Republic of Kalmykia (English spelling)

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