This is a branch of applied psychology that studies the psychological problems of people engaged in industrial activities and aims to help solve them. At first, industrial psychology was an application of individual physiological psychology, and the research subjects were limited to the range of personal activities such as work movements and fatigue phenomena. Its applications were also limited to aptitude tests, appropriate placement, efficiency improvement, and accident prevention. After World War II, social psychological aspects such as motivation for work (motivation), morale for work (morale), and human relations in the workplace (human relations) began to be emphasized. At the same time, engineering psychology has also attracted attention, such as working to ensure the safety of facilities and machines in cooperation with color dynamics. Furthermore, industrial psychology does not only cover issues related to workers in industrial activities, but also includes advertising psychology and commercial psychology, which study the purchasing psychology of consumers (customers) and apply it to industrial activities. In addition, although many areas are still unexplored, research into the decision-making motivation of managers and the psychological process of leadership has become an important issue in industrial psychology. [Mitsuo Morimoto] "Industrial Psychology" by Masaaki Yoshida (1980, Baifukan) " "Invitation to Industrial Psychology" edited by Doji Sasaki (1996, Yuhikaku) [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
産業活動に従事する人間の諸問題を心理学的に研究し、問題解決に役だてようとする応用心理学の一部門をいう。産業心理学は、初めは個人の生理学的心理学の応用であり、作業動作と疲労現象といった個人的活動範囲に研究対象が限定されていた。その応用も、適性検査、適正配置、能率向上、事故防止などに限られていた。第二次世界大戦後、仕事の動機づけ(モチベーションmotivation)、労働意欲(モラールmorale)、職場における人間関係(ヒューマン・リレーションズhuman relations)など、社会心理学的な面が重視されるようになった。それとともに、色彩工学(カラー・ダイナミックスcolor dynamics)と提携して、設備・機械の安全性確保に取り組むなど、工学心理学の面も注目されてきた。さらに産業活動の労働者に関する問題にとどまらず、消費者(顧客)の購買心理を研究し、それを産業活動に応用する広告心理学や商業心理学なども、産業心理学を構成する。また、未開拓な分野が多いが、経営者の意思決定動機やリーダーシップの心理的過程を研究することも、産業心理学の重要な課題とされてきている。 [森本三男] 『吉田正昭著『産業心理学』(1980・培風館)』▽『佐々木土師二編『産業心理学への招待』(1996・有斐閣)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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