A Soviet mathematician and economist. Along with Nemchinov and Novozhilov, he is one of the founders of the Soviet school of mathematical economics. Born in St. Petersburg, he graduated from the Department of Mathematics at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Leningrad University (now St. Petersburg University) in 1930. In 1934, at the age of 22, he was appointed professor at the same university. He was already internationally known for his projective set theory while he was a student, and in the late 1930s, he formed a school of thought for his analysis of functions in partially ordered spaces. His 1939 work, Mathematical Methods of Production Organization and Planning, was recognized in the West as a pioneering achievement in linear programming, and in 1975 he shared the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences with Koopmans. His concept of "objective valuation" is the same as the shadow price, which provided the basic theory of decentralized management that combines partial optima with global optima. In 1964, he became a member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (now the Russian Academy of Sciences). [Kiichi Mochizuki] "Kiichi Mochizuki's translation of "Mathematical Methods of Production Organization and Production Planning" (translated by Minoru Oka, included in "Mathematical Methods of Marxian Economics, Volume 2", 1961, Aoki Shoten)" "Yoshida Yasuhiko's translation of "Socialist Economy and Resource Allocation" (1965, Sobunsha)" [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ソ連の数学者、経済学者。ネムチノフ、ノボジーロフと並んで、ソ連数理経済学派の創始者の一人。サンクト・ペテルブルグに生まれ、1930年レニングラード大学(現サンクト・ペテルブルグ大学)物理・数学部数学科を卒業。1934年22歳にして同大学教授に抜擢(ばってき)される。学生時代にすでに射影集合論で国際的に知られ、1930年代後半には、半順序空間における関数解析で一派をなした。1939年に発表した『生産組織と生産計画の数学的方法』は、線形計画(リニア・プログラミング)法の先駆的業績として欧米でも評価され、1975年クープマンスとともにノーベル経済学賞を受けた。彼の「客観的評価」概念はシャドー・プライスshadow price(影の価格、潜在価格)と同一のもので、これにより部分的最適を全体的最適に結合する分権的管理の基礎理論を提供した。1964年にソ連科学アカデミー(現ロシア科学アカデミー)会員となった。 [望月喜市] 『望月喜市訳「生産組織と生産計画の数学的方法」(岡稔訳『マルクス経済学の数学的方法 下巻』所収・1961・青木書店)』▽『吉田靖彦訳『社会主義経済と資源配分』(1965・創文社)』 [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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