A Latin word meaning "persona" (personality) or "rank." It originally meant the mask that an actor wears to completely cover his head. It has come to mean the role, character, or character that an actor plays, and further to mean a person, individual, character, or personality. In particular, since the time of Tertullianus (c. 160-c. 220), ancient Christian theology has adopted this term to explain the belief in the Trinity, that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are one God. According to orthodox Trinity established in the 4th century, the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit have divinity as a common essence, but also have individuality distinct from the others. In other words, the uniqueness of the Father as a person is that he is not born himself, but gives birth to the Son and gives rise to the Holy Spirit, that the Son is born from the Father, and that the Holy Spirit is born from the Father. In this sense, the doctrine of the Trinity is expressed in the formula "three persons, one essence" (tres personae, una substantia). In this case, persona roughly corresponds to the Greek word prosōpon or hypostasis, and means a concrete individual existence. In more recent theology, persona has sometimes been explained as God's mode of being (modus essendi, Seinsweise) or linked to the modern idea of personality. In Japanese, it is usually translated as "rank," but there are also other translations such as "kakushin." [Wataru Mizugaki] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
人格、位格を表すラテン語で、正確な発音はペルソーナ。元来、俳優が頭部にすっぽりかぶる仮面の意。転じて俳優が演ずる役割、役柄、登場人物をさし、さらに人物、個人、性格、人格を意味するに至る。 とくに古代キリスト教神学は、テルトゥリアヌスTertullianus(160ころ―220ころ)以来、御父と御子と聖霊の三者が一なる神であるとの三一神(三位(さんみ)一体the Trinity)の信仰を説明する場合の術語としてこれを採用した。4世紀に確立した正統的な三一神論によれば、御父、御子、聖霊は共通の本質として神性をもつとともに、それぞれ他から区別される個体性をもつ。すなわち、御父においては、自らは生まれず、御子を生み、聖霊を発出させること、御子においては、御父から生まれること、聖霊においては、御父から発出することがペルソナとしての固有性である。このような意味で三一神の教義は、「三つのペルソナ、一つの本質」tres personae, una substantiaという定式で表現される。この場合ペルソナは、ギリシア語のプロソーポンprosōpon、あるいはヒュポスタシスhypostasisにほぼ対応し、具体的な個別存在を意味している。さらに後代の神学では、ペルソナは神の存在様式modus essendi, Seinsweiseとして説明されたり、近代的な人格観念と結び付けられることがあった。 日本語では「位格」と訳されるのが普通であるが、「格身」などの訳語もある。 [水垣 渉] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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