Rekisho Shinsho - Rekisho Shinsho

Japanese: 暦象新書 - れきしょうしんしょ
Rekisho Shinsho - Rekisho Shinsho

A physics and astronomy book from the Edo period. Shizuki Tadao, a scholar of Dutch studies, translated and abridged a Dutch translation of a physics book by the Englishman John Cale (1671-1721) that explained Newton's mechanics, adding his own opinions, and it consists of three parts. The first part was completed in June 1798 (Kansei 10), the second part in October 1800 (Kansei 12), and the third part in October 1802 (Kyowa 2). In the first part, Shizuki describes the movement of celestial bodies, and it is one of the early documents that introduced the heliocentric theory to Japan, seven years after Motoki Yoshinaga introduced the heliocentric theory in his "Taiyo Kyuri Ryo Hansoku." The second part explains Newtonian mechanics and also covers universal gravitation. The third part mainly describes elliptical curves. Each volume has an appendix in which Shizuki's views are presented, but in particular the "Illustrated Explanation of the Division of Chaos" at the end of the second volume presents Shizuki's original views, which are comparable to Kant-Laplace's nebular theory and have made him famous.

[Toshio Watanabe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

江戸時代の物理・天文学書。蘭学(らんがく)者志筑忠雄(しづきただお)が、イギリス人ジョン・ケール(1671―1721)のニュートンの力学を解説した物理学書の蘭訳書を、自らの意見を加えて抄訳した書物で、上中下三編からなる。上編は1798年(寛政10)6月、中編は1800年(寛政12)10月、下編は1802年(享和2)10月に完成した。上編で志筑は天体の運行について述べているが、地動説を日本に紹介した初期の文献の一つで、本木良永(もときよしなが)が『太陽窮理了解説』で地動説を紹介してから7年後のことである。中編はニュートン力学の解説で万有引力にも及んでいる。下編は主として楕円(だえん)曲線について述べている。各編には附録があり、志筑の見解が述べられているが、とくに下編の最後に付せられている「混沌分判図説(こんとんぶんぱんずせつ)」は志筑の独創的見解を述べたもので、カント‐ラプラスの星雲説に比せられるものとして彼の名を高めたものである。

[渡辺敏夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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