Vagrancy Acts

Japanese: 浮浪者取締法 - ふろうしゃとりしまりほう（英語表記）Vagrancy Acts

A series of cruel laws were enacted to suppress the large number of vagrants and beggars in 16th century England. The history of legislation to crack down on vagrants in England can be traced back to the Labourers' Ordinance of 1349 under the reign of Edward III, which punished the begging of the poor who could work and prohibited them from giving alms in response to the labor shortage caused by the Black Death (plague) in 1348. The cruel system, which Marx called the "blood legislation," was seen in the 16th century, when the harm caused by vagrants intensified. For example, under the reign of Henry VIII, a law enacted in 1531 gave begging permits to those who could not work, such as the elderly, but took measures to whip able-bodied vagrants and send them back to their place of origin. The law of 1536 further strengthened the previous measures by prohibiting people from openly begging for alms, and changed the punishment for re-arrested vagrants to whipping and cutting off their ears.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

16世紀イギリスで大量に発生した浮浪者や乞食に対する一連の残虐な抑圧立法。イギリスにおける浮浪者を取り締まる立法の歴史は，1348年の黒死病(ペスト)に端を発した労働力不足に対応し労働可能な貧民の物乞いを処罰し施与を禁止した，エドワード3世治下，1349年の労働者条例までさかのぼることができる。マルクスをして〈血の立法〉といわしめた残虐な制度は，16世紀に入り浮浪者の弊害が激化した時期にみられる。たとえばヘンリー8世治下，1531年の立法では老齢者などの労働能力のない者には乞食の許可証を与えたが，強健な浮浪者に対しては鞭打ち後，出身地に送還させる措置をとり，さらに1536年法では公然と施しを乞うべからずという立場から従来の措置を強化し，再逮捕浮浪者は鞭打ちのほか耳を切り取るなどの処罰に改めた。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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