Eiffel - Eiffel (English spelling) Alexandre Gustave Eiffel

Japanese: エッフェル - えっふぇる(英語表記)Alexandre Gustave Eiffel
Eiffel - Eiffel (English spelling) Alexandre Gustave Eiffel

French engineer. Born in Dijon. After graduating from the École Centrale des Arts et des Arts in Paris in 1855, he designed numerous bridges, and achieved many accomplishments in theoretical research on steel structures and theoretical elucidation of aerodynamics. In particular, his development of a lightweight steel truss structure, which is made by rationally assembling thin members, was groundbreaking, making it possible to build lightweight, large-scale structures that were different from the traditional structural methods that required huge steel beams. He is famous for designing the 300-meter-tall Eiffel Tower (324 meters including the antenna as of 2012), which was built to commemorate the 1889 Paris World's Fair. The Institute of Steel Architecture, which he opened in 1866, later developed into the Levallois-Perret Architectural Association, and became the center of steel architecture research around the world. He also designed the Panama Canal locks, and in 1912 he established an aerodynamics laboratory in Auteuil, where he invented the Eiffel wind tunnel. In his later years, he moved to research meteorology and wind force measurement.

[Muramatsu Teijiro and Fujiwara Yoshihiro]

[References] | Eiffel Tower | Truss structure | Panama Canal
Eiffel Tower
Built for the 1889 Paris World's Fair, it was the tallest steel tower in the world at the time. It is said that 7,300 tons of wrought iron were used in its construction. It is 324 meters tall. Part of the World Heritage Site "Banks of the Seine in Paris" (France, registered in 1991) France, Paris ©Shogakukan ">

Eiffel Tower


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランスの技術者。ディジョンに生まれる。パリ中央工芸学校卒業後、1855年以来、数多くの橋梁(きょうりょう)を設計、さらに鉄骨構造に関する理論研究、また空気力学の理論的解明などに多くの成果を残した。とくに、細い部材を合理的に組み立てた軽い鉄骨トラス構造の開発は画期的であり、巨大な鉄梁を必要とした従来の架構法とは異なる、軽量大規模構造物が実施可能となった。1889年のパリ万国博覧会を記念して建てられた、高さ300メートルのエッフェル塔設計で有名である(2012年時点でアンテナを含め324メートル)。1866年に開設した鉄骨建築研究所は、後年ルバロワ・ペレー建築協会に発展し、世界の鉄骨建築研究の中心になった。また、パナマ運河水門の設計を行ったほか、1912年にはオートゥイユに航空力学研究所を設け、エッフェル式風洞を考案した。さらに晩年は気象学および風力測定の研究に移った。

[村松貞次郎・藤原恵洋]

[参照項目] | エッフェル塔 | トラス構造 | パナマ運河
エッフェル塔
1889年のパリ万国博覧会のときに建設された、当時世界最高の鋼鉄の塔。建設には7300tの錬鉄を使用したといわれる。高さ324m。世界文化遺産「パリのセーヌ河岸」の一部(フランス・1991年登録) フランス パリ©Shogakukan">

エッフェル塔


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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