Provocation (English spelling)

Japanese: プロウォカティオ(英語表記)provocatio
Provocation (English spelling)
During the ancient Roman Republic, citizens had the right to appeal to the popular assembly or the appropriate court against sentences of death, flogging, or heavy fines imposed by magistrates other than dictators. This appeal was called provocatio, and it was a privilege that guaranteed the basic human rights of Roman citizens in distinction from foreigners. Its origin is said to be the Valerian Code of the First Year of the Republic (509 BC), but this is doubtful, and some say it dates back to 300 BC. Initially, the scope of this privilege was limited to within the city of Rome, but the Porcian Code of the early 2nd century BC extended it to citizens outside the city of Rome (Italy and the provinces).

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
古代ローマ共和政期に,市民はディクタトルを除く高級政務官による死刑や笞刑,さらに高額の罰金刑の宣言に対し,民会ないし所管法廷に提訴する権利を有した。この提訴をプロウォカティオといい,これは外国人と区別してローマ市民の基本的人権を保障する特権であった。その起源は共和第1年(前509年とされる)のウァレリウス法と伝えられるが,これは疑わしく,前300年とする説もある。当初この特権を行使できる範囲は,ローマ市域内に限られていたが,前2世紀初頭のポルキウス法により,それはローマ市域外(イタリアおよび属州)の市民にも適用されることになった。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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