Village membership - Muraju Iriai

Japanese: 村中入会 - むらじゅういりあい

A form of agricultural forest use in early modern Japan. When small farmers became independent and became regular farmers, and early modern villages (small farming villages) were established with the regular farmers (takamochi farmers) as village members, all village members (regular farmers) had the common right to use the common land (karishikiyama, shibayama, magusaba, kayaba, etc.) that was subject to village regulations in order to maintain and strengthen the production and livelihood of the independent regular farmers. This form of agricultural forest use was called village common, and it only came into existence after the establishment of early modern feudal lordship's control over the forests and the small farmers' independence as regular farmers under that control.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

日本の近世期における農用林野利用の一形態。小農が自立して本百姓となり，本百姓(高持百姓)を村落構成員とする近世村落(小農村落)が成立すると，自立した本百姓の生産･生活を維持･補強するために，村落構成員(本百姓)のすべてが村落規制のもとにある入会地(刈敷山（かりしきやま），柴山，秣場（まぐさば），萱場（かやば）など)に対して共同の利用権を持つ。このような農用林野の利用形態が村中入会で，林野に対する近世領主権の支配の確立と，そのもとにおける小農の本百姓への自立とをまって，はじめて成立する。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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