Sweet marjoram

Japanese: マヨラナ - まよらな(英語表記)sweet marjoram
Sweet marjoram

A perennial plant of the Lamiaceae family (APG classification: Lamiaceae). It is also called marjoram in English. Its Japanese name is origanum vulgare. The stem is 30-60cm long. The leaves are small, covered with fine hairs, and gray in color. In summer, it produces small purple or white flowers. The whole plant contains about 2% essential oil, giving it a fragrant aroma. Native to the Mediterranean and Arabian regions, the main producing areas being France, Greece, and Mexico. It was introduced to Japan in the early Meiji period, but is not widely cultivated.

[Hoshikawa Kiyochika September 17, 2021]

Food

It has a strong fragrance among herbs and has been used as a spice since ancient Greece and Rome. Fresh or dried leaves are used, but as a spice the dried form is more commonly used. It has a delicate, sweet aroma and slightly bitter taste, very similar to oregano. It is good for masking the odor of meat and organ meats, and its aroma has the effect of increasing the appetite, so it is used to flavor vegetable dishes, meat dishes, liver sausages, bologna sausages, cheese dishes, poultry and turkey stuffing, sauces, soups, etc.

[Hiroshi Saito September 17, 2021]

Cultural history

It was used as a perfume in ancient Egypt, and was cultivated in Greece before the Christian era and used in flower crowns. Pliny described the fragrance of the marjoram as stinging, and wrote that the most fragrant ones were from Cyprus, and that in Rome, when the flowers bloomed in summer, they were used to make wreaths (Natural History). Pliny also wrote that it was mixed with vinegar and salt and used as an antidote for scorpions and as a balm for menstrual disorders.

In England, the dried leaves were made into herbal tea and drunk. It was said that Marjoram had sleep-inducing properties, and was used as a pillow ingredient. Elizabeth I also used it as a pillow stuffer along with other herbs.

[Hiroshi Yuasa September 17, 2021]

marjoram
Japanese name: Origanum vulgare. Also called marjoram or marjoram. © Kyoko Nagumo ">

marjoram

Marjoram (fresh leaves)
Marjoram, also known as marjoram ©Shogakukan ">

Marjoram (fresh leaves)

Marjoram (dried leaves)
Marjoram, also known as marjoram ©Shogakukan ">

Marjoram (dried leaves)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

シソ科(APG分類:シソ科)の多年草。英名読みでマージョラムともいう。和名はハナハッカ。茎は30~60センチメートル。葉は小さく、微毛に覆われ、灰色を呈する。夏に、紫または白色の小花を開く。全草に2%ほどの精油を含み、芳香がある。地中海からアラビアにかけての原産で、フランス、ギリシア、メキシコなどが主産地である。日本へは明治初期に伝来したが、栽培は少ない。

[星川清親 2021年9月17日]

食品

香草のなかでも香りの高いもので、香辛料としては古代ギリシア、ローマの時代から使われてきた。生葉または乾燥した葉を使うが、香辛料としては乾燥したものが多く用いられる。繊細で甘い芳香とほろ苦味が特徴で、オレガノによく似ている。肉や内臓類の矯臭によく、香味は食欲増進の効果をもつので、野菜料理、肉料理、レバー・ソーセージ、ボローニャソーセージ、チーズ料理、とり肉やシチメンチョウの詰め物、ソース、スープなどの香りづけに用いられる。

[齋藤 浩 2021年9月17日]

文化史

古代のエジプトで香料に用い、ギリシアでは紀元前から栽培され、花冠に用いられていた。プリニウスは、マヨラナの芳香を、刺すような香りと表現し、もっとも芳香があるのはキプロス産で、ローマでは花が夏に咲くと花輪をつくると記述している(『博物誌』)。また、プリニウスは、酢と塩に混ぜて、サソリの解毒剤や月経不順の塗り薬に使用するとも書いている。

 イギリスでは乾かした葉をハーブ・ティーにして飲んだ。マヨラナは眠りを誘う効果があるといわれ、枕(まくら)用に使われ、エリザベス1世も他のハーブとともに枕に詰めて愛用したという。

[湯浅浩史 2021年9月17日]

マヨラナ
和名ハナハッカ。マージョラム、マジョラムともいう©南雲今日子">

マヨラナ

マヨラナ(生葉)
マージョラム、マジョラムともよばれる©Shogakukan">

マヨラナ(生葉)

マヨラナ(乾燥葉)
マージョラム、マジョラムともよばれる©Shogakukan">

マヨラナ(乾燥葉)


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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