A professional musician and entertainer active in medieval Europe. In France, they were called ménestrel or ménestrier. They were employed by royalty and nobility, and are thought to have performed works by knight-songwriters, and many of them were skilled in playing specific instruments. In the late Middle Ages, they often settled in cities and organized guilds. However, the actual situation differed depending on the region and era, and the form of performance is not clearly known. In England, the term minstrel was often used to refer to upper-class knight-songwriters and jongleurs (professional entertainers without a master). Although it was no longer used after the 17th century, the term minstrels continued to be used in the broad sense of folk musicians. [Imatani Kazunori] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
中世ヨーロッパで活躍した職業音楽家、芸人。フランスではメネストレルménestrelまたはメネストリエménestrierとよばれた。王侯貴族などに抱えられて、とくに騎士歌人らの作品を演奏したと考えられ、特定の楽器の演奏技巧に長(た)けた者が多かった。中世後期には、都市に定着して組合を組織する場合がしばしばみられた。しかし、その実態は地域や時代によって違いがあり、演奏の形態などははっきりとしたことがわかっていない。またイギリスでは、上流の騎士歌人やジョングルール(jongleur主人をもたない職業的芸能人)なども含めてよぶことが多かった。17世紀以後はみられなくなるが、ミンストレルの語は、民衆音楽家という広い意味で用いられ続けた。 [今谷和徳] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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