Issue; drawing

Japanese: 振出し - ふりだし（英語表記）issue; drawing

The act of issuing bills and checks. It is a type of bill of exchange act, and is called a basic bill of exchange act because it conceptually serves as the basis for other bill of exchange acts. Issuance is made when the issuer signs the bill and the bill meets the requirements for a bill. The effects of issuing a bill of exchange differ between bills of exchange and promissory notes. Issuing a bill of exchange is an act in which the issuer entrusts the payee with payment, and by issuing a bill of exchange, the issuer does not become the principal obligor, but he or she assumes a recourse obligation to guarantee payment and acceptance (Bills of Exchange Act 9). In contrast, issuing a promissory note is an act of promising to pay the bill amount at maturity, and the issuer, as the principal obligor, is obligated to pay the bill amount (Bills of Exchange Act 78). In addition, issuing a check, like issuing a bill of exchange, is an act aimed at entrusting payment, and the issuer is legally liable to guarantee payment by issuing the bill (Cheques Act 12). A cheque must be issued to a bank having funds at the issuer's disposal at the time of presentment and pursuant to an express or implied contract authorizing the issuer to dispose of funds by means of the cheque (Article 3), and restrictions on issuance are set out.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

手形および小切手を発行する行為。手形行為の一種で，観念上，他の手形行為の基礎となることから，基本的手形行為という。振出しは，手形要件を具備して振出人が署名することによってなされる。手形振出しによって生じる効果は，為替手形と約束手形とでは異なる。為替手形の振出しは，振出人が支払人にあてて支払いを委託する行為であり，手形を振出すことによって，主たる義務者になるわけではないが，支払いおよび引受けを担保する遡求義務を負担する (手形法9) 。これに対して，約束手形の振出しは，満期において手形金額の支払いを約束する行為であり，振出人は，主たる義務者として手形金額の支払いをなす義務を負う (手形法 78) 。なお，小切手の振出しは，為替手形の振出しと同様に，支払委託を目的とする行為であり，振出人は振出しによって法律上当然に支払いを担保する責任を負う (小切手法 12) 。小切手はその呈示のときに振出人が処分しうる資金のある銀行にあてて，かつ振出人をして資金を小切手により処分することを得しめる明示または黙示の契約に従って振出すべきものとし (3条) ，振出しの制限が定められている。

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