1830‐1916 Emperor of Austria. Reigned 1848-1916. He ascended to the throne in December 1848, at the end of the March Revolution (1848 Revolution), amid the rise of counter-revolution, and in 1849, with the help of Russia, suppressed the Hungarian Revolution. Austria was at the height of reactionary neo-absolutism, but after losing the Italian War of Independence in 1859, it entered the constitutional era, seeking to federalize the various ethnic groups. After losing the Austro-Prussian War in 1866 and being expelled from Germany, he betrayed hopes of a federalization of the Slavic nations, and in 1867 established the Austro-Hungarian Empire through a compromise with Hungary (Ausgleich). Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
1830‐1916 オーストリア皇帝。在位1848‐1916年。三月革命(48年革命)末期の1848年12月,反革命の台頭のなかで即位し,49年ロシアの援助によりハンガリー革命を鎮圧した。反動的な新絶対主義の頂点にあったが,59年イタリア独立戦争に敗れて,諸民族の連邦化を求めて憲政時代に入る。66年普墺戦争にも敗れてドイツから排除されると,スラブ諸民族の連邦化への期待を裏切って,67年ハンガリーとの妥協(アウスグライヒ)によるオーストリア・ハンガリー二重帝国を成立させる。 出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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