General equilibrium theory

Japanese: 一般均衡理論 - いっぱんきんこうりろん(英語表記)general equilibrium theory
General equilibrium theory
This theory was put forward by Walras, and it states that if a fluctuating reality is halted at a certain point in time, given conditions are fixed, and competition is thoroughly implemented, society as a whole will reach an equilibrium state where no further changes occur. Walras assumed that both demand and supply depend on the prices of all goods, and expressed the interdependent relationships as functional relationships, creating simultaneous demand equations, supply equations, and supply and demand equilibrium equations for the number of goods. Walras' ideas are said to capture the interdependent relationships in the economy, but there is also a hidden ideology in his interpretation of them as general equilibrium relationships. The perfectly competitive market he advocated is a perfectly liquid market in which any change in the economy will spread to the whole without incurring any cost, a market like a stock exchange in which transactions only take place when people have accurate knowledge about goods and the overall supply and demand are in agreement.

(Akiyoshi Arakawa, Assistant Professor, Kyushu University / 2007)

Source : "Chiezo" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. About Chiezo

Japanese:
ワルラスによって唱えられ、変動する現実をある一時点でせき止め、与件を固定化し、競争を徹底的に行うと、社会全体がこれ以上変化しない均衡状態に至るとした理論。ワルラスは、需要も、供給も、あらゆる財の価格に依存するとして、相互依存の関係を関数関係で表し、財の数だけの需要方程式、供給方程式、そして需給均衡の式を連立させた。こうしたワルラスの考えは、経済の相互依存の関係をとらえたものとされているが、それを一般的均衡関係としてとらえるところに1つのイデオロギーを隠し持っているともいえる。彼が提唱した完全競争の市場は、経済のどこで変化があっても、コストをかけることなしに全体に波及する完全流動的市場であり、人々が財についての正確な知識を持ち、全体の需給が一致して初めて取引が行われる株式取引所のような市場である。

(荒川章義 九州大学助教授 / 2007年)

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