It is one of the oxoacids of chlorine, and is a strong monoprotic acid. It exists only in aqueous solutions. Its chemical formula is HClO 3 , and its formula weight is 84.46. It is prepared by adding sulfuric acid to an aqueous solution of barium chlorate, and removing the precipitate of barium sulfate. Concentration under reduced pressure gives a concentrated solution of about 40%. The concentrated solution has a pungent odor similar to nitric acid. A concentrated solution of more than 40% decomposes to produce chlorine and oxygen. A mixture with hydrochloric acid resembles aqua regia. Many metals and their oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates dissolve and become chlorates. Sulfur, bromine, and iodine are oxidized to sulfuric acid, bromic acid, and iodic acid, respectively. It is oxidized by ozone and hydrogen peroxide to become perchloric acid, HClO 4. It is an extremely strong oxidizing agent, and concentrated solutions will explode if they come into contact with organic matter, so care must be taken when handling it. [Kenichi Morinaga and Katsunori Nakahara] [Reference item]Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
塩素のオキソ酸の一つで、強い一塩基酸。水溶液中にだけ存在する。化学式HClO3、式量84.46。塩素酸バリウムの水溶液に硫酸を加え、硫酸バリウムの沈殿を除いてつくる。減圧濃縮すると約40%の濃溶液が得られる。濃溶液は硝酸のような刺激臭をもっている。40%以上の濃溶液は、分解して塩素と酸素を発生する。塩酸との混合物は王水に似ている。金属とその酸化物、水酸化物、炭酸塩の多くは、溶けて塩素酸塩となる。硫黄(いおう)、臭素、ヨウ素はそれぞれ硫酸、臭素酸、ヨウ素酸に酸化される。オゾンや過酸化水素に酸化されて、過塩素酸HClO4となる。きわめて強い酸化剤で、濃溶液は有機物に触れると爆発するので、取扱いに注意を要する。 [守永健一・中原勝儼] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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