Women's underwear that supports the breasts and shapes them beautifully. It is also called a bra, uplift, or bandeau. It has two cups and is worn with strings that wrap around the back and shoulders. In addition to short-length ones called bandeau types, there are also long ones that reach the waist. There are various types depending on the cup shape and whether they have shoulder straps or pads. The size is determined by the chest circumference and breast size. Materials used are a combination of cotton, silk, polyester, and elastic materials such as spandex and rubber fabric. The word "brassiere" originally came from the French word "brassière," which meant a woman's chest garment or a child's bodice with sleeves, and this was later adopted in the English-speaking world as the term "brassiere" to mean underwear that supports the breasts. In France, it is called "soutien-gorge," as it means to support the breasts. The origin of the brassiere is ancient, and its prototype can be found in the zona worn by women in ancient Greece. This was a piece of fabric wrapped around the chest to make it easier to move. In the mid-Middle Ages, when high-chested corsets with cores appeared, the role of supporting the breasts was taken over by the corset. This way of wearing continued almost until the beginning of the 20th century, except for the late 18th century. In the late 18th century, naturalness was the era of beauty, and the cylindrical Greek dresses did not require the corsets that had been used until then. As a result, it became necessary to support and shape the breasts, and the chest of the dress itself was lined, and a type of brassiere called a "false breast" was invented. In the late 19th century, the fashion for fuller bust lines led to the appearance of bust-improvers (a type of corrective pad). Today's brassieres began to be worn around 1910, when corsets became shorter and gradually covered only the waist from the beginning of the 20th century. Since then, various types of brassieres have appeared along with the fashion of outerwear. [Akiko Fukai] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
乳房を支え、胸の形を美しく整えるための女性用下着。ブラ、アップリフト、バンドーなどともよばれる。二つのカップ部分を、背と肩とに回した紐(ひも)で着装する。普通、バンドー型とよばれるショート丈のもののほか、ウエストまでのロング丈のものもある。カップの形、肩紐やパッドの有無で、さまざまなタイプのものに分けられる。サイズは胸囲と、乳房の大きさにより決められる。材質は、木綿、絹、ポリエステルと、スパンデックスやゴム生地(きじ)など、伸縮性のある材質が組み合わされて使用される。 ブラジャーとはもともと、婦人の胸衣や子供用の袖(そで)付きボディス(胴衣)を意味するフランス語のブラシエールbrassièreで、これがのちに英語圏で乳房を支える下着の意味でブラジャーとして用語化された。フランスでは乳房を支える意味どおり、スーティアン・ゴルジュsoutien-gorgeという。 ブラジャーの起源は古く、古代ギリシア時代の婦人が用いたゾナzonaにその原型がみられる。これは活動しやすいように一枚の布を胸部に巻き付けるものだった。中世中期になって、胸高の芯(しん)入りコルセットが現れると、乳房を支える役割はコルセットが担うことになる。18世紀末期を除き、ほぼ20世紀初めまでこの着装法が持続された。18世紀末期は、自然らしさに美意識が求められた時代で、円柱形のギリシア風ドレスにはそれまでのコルセットが不要であった。そのため乳房を支え整える必要が生じ、ドレス自体の胸部に裏打ちをしたり、「偽の乳房」とよばれた一種のブラジャーが考案された。19世紀後期になると、豊かなバスト・ラインの流行で、バスト・インプルーバーbust-improver(一種の補正用パッド)が登場した。 今日のようなブラジャーは、20世紀初め以降コルセットが短くなり、しだいに腰部を覆うのみとなった1910年ごろから着用されるようになった。以後、外衣の流行に伴い、さまざまなタイプのブラジャーが登場している。 [深井晃子] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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