Blaine, James G.

Japanese: ブレーン（英語表記）Blaine, James G.

Born January 31, 1830 in West Brownsville, Pennsylvania.
Died: January 27, 1893, Washington, DC
American politician. Full name James Gillespie Blaine. One of the founders of the Republican Party. Elected to the Maine House of Representatives in 1858 and served two terms, served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1863 to 1876, Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1869 to 1875, and Senator from 1876 to 1881. During the Civil War, he supported Abraham Lincoln. He worked with James A. Garfield and William B. Allison in the Republican Party to oppose Roscoe Conkling. He lost the 1876 presidential nomination to Rutherford B. Hayes. In 1881, he became Secretary of State under President Garfield, but resigned after the president's assassination. In 1884, he was nominated for president, but lost to Grover Cleveland. In 1889, he was again Secretary of State under President Benjamin Harrison, and served until 1892. He worked to improve relations with Latin American countries and played an important role in the Congress of the Americas in 1889 (→Pan-American Congress).

Brain
Blane, Sir Gilbert

Born: 29 August 1749, Brainfield, Ayrshire
[Died] June 26, 1834. London. British surgeon. Studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, and received his doctorate in Glasgow in 1778. The following year he became physician to Admiral Rodney (later Lord Rodney) of the Royal Navy, and accompanied him to the West Indies, where he explained the benefits of lemons and suggested adding fresh fruit to the crew's diet. The Royal Navy used lemon juice to prevent scurvy among its crew, and made great strides in health management. After returning to London, he was physician at St. Thomas' Hospital from 1883 to 1895, and was also physician to George IV and William IV. He was awarded an Order of Merit in 1812. His main work was Observations on the Diseases of Seamen (1785).

Brain
Braine, John

Born: April 13, 1922, Bradford, Yorkshire
[Died] October 28, 1986, London British novelist. He rose to fame with his debut novel, Room at the Top (1957, Japanese title: Older Woman), about an ambitious young man, Joe Lampton, and an older woman who becomes his victim, and was counted among the "Angry Young Men." In addition to the sequel, Life at the Top (62), he also wrote The Jealous God (64) and The Crying Game (68).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1830.1.31. ペンシルバニア，ウェストブラウンズビル
[没]1893.1.27. ワシントンD.C.
アメリカ合衆国の政治家。フルネーム James Gillespie Blaine。共和党の創立者の一人。1858年メーン州下院議員に当選し 2期務め，1863～76年連邦下院議員，1869～75年連邦下院議長，1876～81年連邦上院議員。南北戦争ではエブラハム・リンカーンを支持。共和党内でジェームズ・A.ガーフィールドやウィリアム・B.アリソンらと組んでロスコ―・コンクリングと対立。1876年の大統領選挙でラザフォード・B.ヘーズとの候補者指名争いに敗れた。1881年ガーフィールド大統領の国務長官に就任したが，同大統領が暗殺されると辞任。1884年大統領候補に指名されたがグローバー・クリーブランドに敗北。1889年ベンジャミン・ハリソン大統領のもとで再び国務長官に就任し，1892年まで務めた。ラテンアメリカ諸国との関係改善に努め，1889年の米州会議に重要な役割を果たした（→汎アメリカ会議）。

ブレーン
Blane， Sir Gilbert

[生]1749.8.29. エアシャー，ブレーンフィールド
[没]1834.6.26. ロンドン
イギリスの外科医。エディンバラ大学で医学を学び，1778年グラスゴーで学位を得た。翌年海軍のロドニー提督 (のちのロドニー卿) の受持医となり，提督に従って西インドに向った際にレモン類の効用を説き，新鮮な果実を船員の食事に加えることを進言。イギリス海軍はレモン類のジュースによって船員の壊血病を防止し，健康管理に成果をあげた。ロンドンに帰ったのち，83～95年セントトマス病院の医員となるとともに，ジョージ4世，ウィリアム4世の侍医。 1812年叙勲。主著『海員の病気の観察』 Observations on the Diseases of Seamen (1785) 。

ブレーン
Braine， John

[生]1922.4.13. ヨークシャー，ブラッドフォード
[没]1986.10.28. ロンドン
イギリスの小説家。上昇志向の若者ジョー・ランプトンとその犠牲となる年上の女を描いた処女作『上流社会の席』 Room at the Top (1957，邦題『年上の女』) で一躍有名となり，「怒れる若者たち」の一人に数えられた。続編『上流社会の生活』 Life at the Top (62) のほか，『嫉妬深い神』 The Jealous God (64) ，『叫ぶ獲物』 The Crying Game (68) など。

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