...From the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, when minor breaches of contracts were made by Latin American countries, the foreigners would frequently request that their home countries, developed capitalist countries in the West, intervene militarily under the pretext of diplomatic protection. The Calvo Clause was invented by the Argentine politician and international law scholar Carlos Calvo (1824-1906) as a means to counter these breaches, hence the name. The prevailing view is that the Calvo Clause is invalid under international law because an individual (foreigner) cannot waive the right of diplomatic protection, which is essentially a state right. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Carbo, C." are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…19世紀から20世紀初めにかけて,中南米諸国の側にささいな契約不履行があると,外国人の求めに応じてその本国である欧米の先進資本主義国が外交保護権の名目のもとに武力介入するという事態が頻発した。それに対抗する手段として,アルゼンチンの政治家・国際法学者カルボCarlos Calvo(1824‐1906)が考え出したので,この名がついた。通説は,ほんらい国家の権利である外交保護権を個人(外国人)が放棄することはできないという理由から,カルボ条項が国際法上無効であるとする。… ※「カルボ,C.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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