Wigman, Mary

Japanese: ウィグマン（英語表記）Wigman， Mary

Born: November 13, 1886 in Hanover
Died September 18, 1973. German dancer in Berlin. Studied under J. Dalcroze and R. Laban. In 1914, his first work, "Dance of the Witches," attracted attention and he became a pioneer of Neue Tanz (New Dance). In 1920, he founded the Wigmann Dance School in Dresden. He trained dancers such as G. Palucca, Y. Georgi, and H. Kreuzberg, and at its peak, the school had 2,000 students, including branches around the country. He directed a group dance at the Berlin Olympics in 1936, but was forced to suspend his activities due to the rise of the Nazis. After World War II, he worked in Leipzig and later in Berlin. His representative choreographic works include "Fantasia," "Dance with Oriental Motifs," "Dance of Death," "Dance of the Women," "Sacrifice," "Lamentation of Death," and "The Rite of Spring." His works are strongly expressionistic, using masks and group dancing, and many of them are danced without music or with only percussion accompaniment. He also had a strong influence on Japanese modern dance. His books include Die Sprache des Tanzes (1963), The Words of Dance.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1886.11.13. ハノーバー
[没]1973.9.18. ベルリン
ドイツの舞踊家。 J.ダルクローズ，R.ラバンに学ぶ。 1914年処女作『魔女の踊り』を踊って注目され，ノイエ・タンツ (新舞踊) の旗手として活躍した。 20年ドレスデンにウィグマン舞踊学校を設立。 G.パルッカ，Y.ゲオルギ，H.クロイツベルクらの舞踊家を育て，最盛期には各地の分校を合せて 2000人の生徒を集めた。 36年のベルリン・オリンピックでは群舞を演出するが，ナチスの台頭により活動中断を余儀なくされた。第2次世界大戦後はライプチヒ，のちにベルリンで活躍。代表的な振付作品には『幻想』『東洋風モチーフによるダンス』『死の舞踏』『女の踊り』『犠牲』『死の嘆き』『春の祭典』などがある。仮面を使用したり，群舞を生かしたりする表現主義的な色彩が強く，無音楽あるいは打楽器のみの伴奏で踊られる作品が多い。日本のモダン・ダンスにも強い影響を与えた。著書に『舞踊の言葉』 Die Sprache des Tanzes (1963) などがある。

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