Epidemiological causation - epidemiological causation

Japanese: 疫学的因果関係 - えきがくてきいんがかんけい

A legal causal relationship proven by epidemiological methods. Epidemiological methods are used to eliminate factors that cannot be rationally explained as the cause or route of infection of a disease, and to identify the remaining major factors as the cause or route through statistical observation of a large number of factors. In other words, they are merely used to prove a high degree of probability by a method of elimination. Recently, they have been used in civil cases related to pollution, but there are many doubts as to whether they can serve as the basis for criminal liability. Epidemiological proof has also been used in general criminal cases, such as the Chiba University Typhoid Bacteria Case. Furthermore, the Pollution Crimes Act includes provisions for the presumption of a causal relationship between an act and a dangerous result in order to ease the difficulty of proving causal relationships.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

疫学的方法により証明された法的因果関係のこと。疫学的方法とは，病気の原因あるいは伝染の経路として合理的な説明の不可能なものを取除き，残された有力な因子を統計的な大量観察により原因，あるいは経路として特定しようとするもので，いわば消去法による高度の蓋然性を証明することにすぎない。最近，公害に関する民事判例で採用されているが，刑事責任を基礎づけうるかは疑問が多い。一般の刑事事件でも，千葉大チフス菌事件などで疫学的証明が用いられた。なお公害罪法は，因果関係の立証に際しての困難さを緩和するために，行為と危険結果との間の因果関係の推定規定を設けている。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

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