Independence - Dokuritsu

Japanese: 独立 - どくりつ

〘Noun〙 ("Ritsu" is the idiomatic pronunciation of "Ritsu")① To act on one's own initiative without being bound or controlled by others. ※Gakudan Zakkoku (Around 1716) "A scholar is independent and acts with special powers, and does not depend on anything" [I Ching - Da Gua]② When an individual becomes capable of setting up a family, earning a living, and fully exercising personal rights. ※Tokyo Shin Hanjōki (1874-76) [Hattori Seiichi] 2 "A young man becomes a hired hand (〈note〉 yatohimono) for his father's shop, 〈omitted〉 and finally opens his own independent shop"③ When a country or organization becomes capable of fully exercising its authority without being controlled by others. ※Bunmei-ron no Gyakuryō (Outline of a Theory of Civilization) [1875] [Fukuzawa Yukichi] 1 "When the countries of the world are separated and each becomes independent" [Xunzi - Zhongni]④ To stand apart from others. Also, to be clearly separate from others. ※Mold (1911)〈Tokuda Shusei〉23 "There were several independent rooms with a good view on the second floor." [Additional notes] Excluding examples where the reading "dokuryu" can be confirmed, these are summarized here as examples for this section. [Glossary] (1) "Ritsu" is rifu in both Kan-on and Go-on, and the reading of "dokuryu" was dokuryu in ancient times. In the Setsuyoshu (Bunmei, Irin, Shogen) from the late Middle Ages to the early modern period, it is "dokuritsu," but in the kanji dictionary "Rakuyoshu" created by Christians, it is "dokuriu," and the kana of "dokuriu" is also added in early modern works.
(2) Looking at the many Chinese dictionaries published during the Meiji period, both "dokuritsu" and "dokuryu" can be seen up until 1887 , but all dictionaries published after 1888 use "dokuritsu." Therefore, it is believed that the reading "dokuritsu" became common after 1887.

Independence

〘noun〙① When a child stands up on his own without help. ※Utsubo (c. 970-999), Kuniyori no Shita: "The prince, with a smile on his face, stood up and began to walk on his own."② To do things on one's own without receiving assistance from others. When a person who had been under the control of others starts a new business or something on his own. Standing on one's own. dokuritsu. ※Saikoku Risshihen (1870-71), translated by Nakamura Masanao, 1: "Equal right to self-reliance (〈note〉 hitoridachi)."③ To have no friends or allies to act with. Being alone. Being isolated. ※Gyokujinsho (1563), 38: "Those who are alone with their friends will not make a name for themselves or achieve anything."④ To leave one by one. ※Konjaku (c. 1120?), 24: "They all left on their own, becoming independent."⑤ To be clearly separate from others. dokuritsu. ※Santai Shi Genun Sho (1527) “The third line _{is not called out} , but the fourth line expresses _{the meaning} _. The third comes to oneself, and the fourth comes naturally.”

Poison Dragon Rif [Independent]

〘Noun〙 ("Ryu" is the Go-on/Kan-on pronunciation of "standing", and "Ritsu" is the customary pronunciation) = Dokuritsu (independence) ※Suga Family Books (around 900) 3. Farewell ceremony for the Prime Minister _Toko " _{As an} official, I served _{as a} Confucian scholar _and a servant of the nation. I am grateful for my independence." ※Sharebon, Uehana Shin'eki (1777) Origin "In the vicinity of Misin-shikoku in Jiangcheng, there was a certain master of independence (Dokuriu) "

Independence

(Verb form of "hitoridachi (independence)") To stand on one's own strength. To get by on one's own strength. ※Doihon Shui-sho (1477) 2 "In this world of darkness, it is impossible to stand alone."

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙 (「りつ」は「立」の慣用音)① 他に束縛されたり、支配を受けたりしないで、自身の力で行動すること。※学談雑録（1716頃）「学者は独立・特行、何をも頼むことはなし」〔易経‐大過卦〕② 個人が一家をかまえ、生計をたて、完全に私権行使の能力を持つ状態になること。※東京新繁昌記（1874‐76）〈服部誠一〉二「郎が父元某店の傭夫（〈注〉やとひもの）と為り、〈略〉終に独立の肆店を開く」③ 一国または団体が他から支配されることなく完全にその権限を行使しうる状態になること。※文明論之概略（1875）〈福沢諭吉〉一「世界中の国々相分れて各独立の体を成せば」〔荀子‐仲尼〕④ 他のものから離れて立つこと。また、他のものとはっきり別になっていること。※黴（1911）〈徳田秋声〉二三「二階には見晴の好い独立の部屋が幾個(いくつ)もあったが」[補注]「ドクリュウ」の読みが確認できる例を除き、本項の用例としてここにまとめた。[語誌](1)「立」は漢音、呉音ともにリフで、「独立」の読みは、古くはドクリュウであった。中世後期から近世前期にかけての節用集（文明・易林・書言）には「ドクリツ」とあるが、キリシタンが作成した漢字辞書である「落葉集」には「ドクリウ」とあり、また近世期の作品にも「ドクリウ」のかなが付されている。
(2)明治期に多数刊行された漢語辞典を見渡すと、明治二〇年（一八八七）までは「ドクリツ」「ドクリュウ」がともに見られるが、二一年以降刊行のものはすべて「ドクリツ」である。従ってドクリツの読みが一般化したのは明治二〇年以降と考えられる。

ひとり‐だち【独立】

〘名〙① 子どもなどが、助けを借りたりしないで自分の力だけで立ち上がること。※宇津保（970‐999頃）国譲下「宮、をかしげにて、ひとりだちし、歩みはじめ給ふほどなり」② ほかからの援助を受けないで、自分だけの力でやってゆくこと。それまで他の者の下にいた人が、新たに自分自身で事業などを始めること。一本立ち。どくりつ。※西国立志編（1870‐71）〈中村正直訳〉一「同等の自主自立（〈注〉ヒトリダチ）の権」③ 行動をともにする仲間や味方のないこと。ひとりぼっち。孤立。※玉塵抄（1563）三八「友なうてひとりたちにして名をあらわし功をなすことはない者なり」④ ひとりずつ立ち去ること。※今昔（1120頃か）二四「独立ちに皆立て去にけり」⑤ 他のものとはっきり別になっていること。どくりつ。※三体詩幻雲抄（1527）「第三句不_レ喚、第四句而述_二其心_一也。第三はひとりたちに、第四は自然に来る也」