This is bookkeeping used in banking. Like commercial bookkeeping, it is based on double-entry bookkeeping, but it is characterized by the fact that transactions that do not involve cash receipts and payments are recorded through a cash account. This is called cash-type journal entry. Other notable features include the use of slips (deposit slips, withdrawal slips, transfer deposit slips, transfer withdrawal slips) as a means of recording, and the fact that it established the practice of creating trial balances to check records. Historically, bank bookkeeping in Japan originated from the issuance of the National Bank Act in November 1872 (Meiji 5), which was modeled after the American national bank system. The Ministry of Finance invited Scottish banker Alexander Allan Shand (1844-1930) to Japan in May 1872, due to the need to unify the bookkeeping system in banks when establishing a national bank. Shand gave lectures on bank bookkeeping, and in December 1873, he published a book on bank bookkeeping titled Ginko Boki Seiho, which was a compilation of the contents of those lectures. Shand's achievements are still highly regarded today as the foundation of Japanese bank bookkeeping. He is also said to have been the catalyst for the widespread use of double-entry bookkeeping systems in the general industrial world at the time. [Noriyuki Chikada] "Reprint of the Bookkeeping Series: The Basics of Banking Bookkeeping, by Alan Shand and edited by the Ministry of Finance (1979, Yushodo Shoten)" [Reference items] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
銀行業で用いられる簿記のこと。商業簿記同様、複式簿記の仕組みを基礎とするが、現金の収支を伴わない取引もいったん現金口座を媒介させて記録する点に特徴がある。これを現金式仕訳とよぶ。また、そのような記録の手段として伝票(入金伝票、出金伝票、振替入金伝票、振替出金伝票)を用いた点や記録照合のための合計試算表を作成する慣行を根づかせた点などもその意義として指摘される。歴史的には、日本における銀行簿記は、1872年(明治5)11月に、アメリカのナショナル・バンク制度に倣って国立銀行条例が発布されたことに由来する。大蔵省は、国立銀行を設立するにあたって銀行における簿記の仕組みを統一する必要性から、1872年5月にイギリス・スコットランドの銀行家アレキサンダー・アラン・シャンドAlexander Allan Shand(1844―1930)を日本に招いた。シャンドは、銀行簿記についての講義を行い、そして、1873年12月に、その講義内容を中心にまとめた銀行簿記に関する著書『銀行簿記精法』が刊行された。シャンドの功績は、日本の銀行簿記の基礎をつくったものとして現在でも高く評価されている。また、当時、広く一般の産業界にも複式簿記のシステムが普及したきっかけをつくったといわれている。 [近田典行] 『アラン・シャンド著、大蔵省編『復刻叢書簿記ことはじめ 銀行簿記精法』(1979・雄松堂書店)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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