Council of Councilors - Hyojoshu

In the Kamakura Shogunate, these were the members who deliberated important government affairs and lawsuits together with the regent and the rensho. It began in 1225 (Karoku 1) when the regent Hojo Yasutoki appointed 11 members, including Miura Yoshimura and Nikaido Yukimori. The number of members was about 15, and consisted of Hojo clan members, influential vassals, and literary officials, but later the proportion of Hojo clan members gradually increased. When the Hikitsuke was established as a specialized litigation institution in 1249 (Kencho 1), the Hyojoshu was divided into the Hikitsuke and took charge of lawsuit hearings. The Hikitsuke head was selected from the Hyojoshu. The Mandokoro steward and the Monchujo steward were also selected from the Hyojoshu. The name of the Hyōjōshū was inherited by the Muromachi shogunate, but gradually lost its substance and fell into decline.

During the Gosaga Insei period, the Imperial Court also established a council of councils consisting of upper-class courtiers and middle-class courtiers who were practical practitioners, and thereafter appointed about 5 to 10 members. This council, organized by the council, developed uniquely throughout the Kamakura period as one of the organs for handling government affairs under the Insei system.

[Hiroya Yamamura]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

鎌倉幕府において、重要政務・訴訟を、執権・連署とともに審議したメンバー。1225年（嘉禄1）に執権北条泰時(やすとき)によって、三浦義村(よしむら)、二階堂行盛(にかいどうゆきもり)ら11人が任命されたことに始まる。人数はおおむね15名程度で、北条氏一門・有力御家人(ごけにん)と文筆系職員とで構成されたが、のちしだいに北条氏一門の占める割合が高くなっていった。1249年（建長1）に訴訟専門機関として引付(ひきつけ)が設置されると、評定衆は引付に分属して訴訟審理にあたった。引付頭人(とうにん)は評定衆から選任された。また政所(まんどころ)執事、問注所(もんちゅうじょ)執事も評定衆から選任された。評定衆の名は室町幕府にも受け継がれたが、しだいに実質を失って衰退した。

　朝廷においても、後嵯峨(ごさが)院政期に、上流廷臣と実務家中流廷臣とからなる評定衆が置かれ、以後5～10人ほどが任命された。この評定衆による評定は、院政の政務処理機関の一つとして、鎌倉時代を通じて独自の発達を遂げた。

［山村博也］

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