A term used to refer to a single stem and its associated leaves in vascular plants. It is equivalent to the English word "shoot," but is sometimes written in katakana as "shoot" because the word "shoot" is not considered an appropriate translation. When cells increase in the shoot apical meristem, which is located at the tip of the stem and is also called the growing point of the stem, these cells not only become the source of stem growth, but the shoot apex also forms leaves on its sides in a regular arrangement and cycle. Therefore, a shoot can be said to refer to the entirety of what is produced by a single shoot apical meristem. If a new shoot apex is formed in a position other than the original shoot apex (for example, in a leaf axil), or if the original shoot apex is divided into two new shoot apices, and stems or leaves are produced as a result of these activities, a new shoot has been produced. Among the shoots of the same plant, those with extremely short internodes that grow only slightly each year and those that do not are called short shoots and long shoots, respectively. Examples include ginkgo, larch, katsura, and Japanese laurel. Pine long shoots only bear scale leaves, and the short shoots that grow from the axils of these shoots finish growing with several scale leaves and one to five needles, but in rare cases, shoots grow between the needles and the short shoots transform into long shoots. [Fukuda Taiji] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
維管束植物の、一つの茎とそれについている葉とをまとめてよぶ語。英語のシュートshootに相当するが、苗条の語が適訳でないという考えから、シュートと片仮名で書くこともある。茎の先端にあって茎の成長点ともよばれる茎頂分裂組織において細胞が増加すると、これらの細胞は茎の成長のもととなるだけでなく、茎頂はその側方に規則的な配置と周期で葉を形成する。したがって、苗条は、一つの茎頂分裂組織によってつくられたものの全体をさすということもできる。本来の茎頂とは別の位置(たとえば葉腋(ようえき))に新しい茎頂ができたり、本来の茎頂が二分して二つの新しい茎頂ができ、これらの活動によって茎や葉がつくられたならば、そこには新しい苗条が生じたこととなる。 同じ植物の苗条に、節間の長さが著しく短くて年々わずかしか伸びないものと、そうでないものが区別されるとき、それぞれを短枝、長枝とよぶ。イチョウ、カラマツ、カツラ、ウコギなどの例がある。マツの長枝は鱗片葉(りんぺんよう)のみをつけ、その葉腋から出る短枝はいくつかの鱗片葉と1ないし5本の針葉をつけて成長を終えるが、まれに、針葉の間から苗条が伸びて短枝が長枝に転換することがある。 [福田泰二] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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