Chancellor

…As petitions increased, it became difficult for the king or the king's council to deal with them between the affairs of state, and so around the 14th century, the king began to delegate them to his high officials who were also members of the king's council. Historically, the delegation to the Chancellor, who was the king's secretary, the de facto chairman of the king's council, and a prelate, was particularly important. The petitions dealt with here included cases where the common law courts had no jurisdiction but which in practice had led to unjust results, and cases where the common law courts had jurisdiction but were forced to seek special favor from the king because of poverty on the part of the plaintiff, violence or oppression on the part of the other party, or obstruction by officials or blasphemy. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Chancellor" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…請願が増大すると，国王ないし国王評議会は国政の合間にこれらを処理することが事実上困難となり，14世紀ころには国王評議会の成員でもある国王の高官にその処理を委任するようになった。とりわけ，国王の秘書長であり，国王評議会の事実上の議長であり，かつ高位聖職者でもあった大法官Chancellorへの委任が，歴史的に見て重大であった。ここで扱われた請願には，コモン･ロー裁判所が管轄権を有していないが実質的に見て正義に反する結果を招いている事件と，管轄権はもつが，原告側の貧困とか，相手方の暴力･圧制あるいは役人や陪審の瀆職（とくしよく）による妨害などから，国王の特別恩寵を求めざるをえない事件とがあった。…

※「Chancellor」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報